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題名：不同結果狀態對正、負向回饋的注意與回憶效果
書刊名：教育心理學報
作者：黃博聖 引用關係／劉政宏 引用關係／陳學志 引用關係
作者(外文)：Huang, Po-sheng／Liu, Cheng-hong／Chen, Hsueh-chih
出版日期：2017
卷期：48:4
頁次：頁469-486
主題關鍵詞：回饋價性；注意；記憶；眼動儀；結果狀態；Attention；Eye-tracking system；Feedback valence；Memory；Outcome status
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:22
  • 點閱點閱:7
教師或他人所提供之回饋，是影響學習表現的重要因素。本研究目的在探討人們對於正向與負向回饋的觀看傾向與回憶效果，以及在不同結果狀態（好結果或壞結果）下，是否會影響人們對回饋的處理。在研究中，先請參與者填寫心理健康量表，透過給與虛構的心理健康百分等級分數，來操弄結果狀態（高分結果、低分結果），並使用眼動儀來記錄正向與負向回饋的觀看時間，接著進行自由回憶與再認回憶的測量。研究結果指出：（1）人們傾向會對負向回饋有較多的觀看時間與較好的再認回憶，支持解困模式的觀點；（2）結果狀態並未改變人們對回饋的觀看與回憶，不論是在好結果或壞結果的情境下，皆會對負向回饋有較多的觀看與再認。最後，討論本研究結果在理論文獻與教育實務的貢獻與應用。
Feedback provided by teachers or others is one of the most important factors in learning situation. Do people prefer to process and recall positive or negative feedback? Would the processing and memory of different feedback be affected by different outcome situations? These are the questions our research concerned. An experiment was conducted to examine the influence of outcome status (high score or low score) on the attending and memory of positive or negative feedback. The measurement of Mental Health was used to give a bogus score to manipulate the outcome status. We used an eye-tracking system to record the viewing time of feedback, and then asked the participants to recall and recognize the feedback. Overall, the results show that (a) participants would view negative feedback longer and recognize better than positive feedback so the resolution model was supported, and (b) outcome status would not influence the processing and recall of feedback because participants would view or recognize more of negative feedback regardless of high or low score outcome situations . Implications of psychological theory and practice are discussed.
期刊論文
1.Balcetis, E.(2009)。Claiming a moral minority, saccades help create a biased majority: Tracking eye movements to base rates in social predictions。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，45，970-973。  new window
2.Bartholow, B. D.、Fabiani, M.、Gratton, G.、Bettencourt, B. A.(2001)。A psychophysiological examination of cognitive processing of and affective responses to social expectancy violations。Psychological Science，12，197-204。  new window
3.Baumeister, R. F.、Cairns, K. J.(1992)。Repression and self-presentation: When audiences interfere with self-deceptive strategies。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，62(5)，851-862。  new window
4.Graziano, W. G.、Brothen, T.、Berscheid, E.(1980)。Attention, attraction, and individual differences in reaction to criticism。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，38，193-202。  new window
5.Ohira, H.、Winton, W. M.、Oyama, M.(1998)。Effects of stimulus valence on recognition memory and endogenous eyeblinks: Further evidence for positive-negative asymmetry。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，24，986-993。  new window
6.Schwinghammer S. A.、Stapel, D. A.、Blanton, H.(2006)。Different Selves Have Different Effects: Self-Activation and Defensive Social Comparison。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，32，27-39。  new window
7.Sedikides, C.、Green, J. D.(2000)。On the self-protective nature of inconsistency-negativity management: Using the person memory paradigm to examine self-referent memory。Journal of personality and social psychology，79(6)，906-922。  new window
8.Sedikides, C.、Strube, M. J.(1997)。Self-evaluation: To thine own self be good, to thine own self be sure, to thine own self be true, and to thine own self be better。Advances in experimental social psychology，29，209-269。  new window
9.Skowronski, J. J.、Betz, A. L.、Thompson, C. P.、Shannon, L.(1991)。Social memory in everyday life: Recall of self-events and other-events。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，60，831-843。  new window
10.Beauregard, K. S.、Dunning, D.(1998)。Turning up the contrast: Self-enhancement motives prompt egocentric contrast effects in social judgments。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，74，606-621。  new window
11.Campbell, W. K.、Sedikides, C.(1999)。Self-threat magnifies the self-serving bias: A meta-analytic integration。Review of General Psychology，3(1)，23-43。  new window
12.Robinson-Riegler, G. L.、Winton, W. M.(1996)。The role of conscious recollection in recognition of affective material: Evidence for positive-negative asymmetry。Journal of General Psychology，123，93-104。  new window
13.Taylor, S. E.(1991)。Asymmetrical effects of positive and negative events: the mobilization-minimization hypothesis。Psychological Bulletin，110(1)，67-85。  new window
14.陳學志、賴惠德、邱發忠(20101200)。眼球追蹤技術在學習與教育上的應用。教育科學研究期刊，55(4)，39-68。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Dunning, D.、Meyerowitz, J. A.、Holzberg, A. D.(1989)。Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，57，1082-1090。  new window
16.Ito, T. A.、Larsen, J. T.、Smith, N. K.、Cacioppo, J. T.(1998)。Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，75(4)，887-900。  new window
17.Banaji, M. R.、Prentice, D. A.(1994)。The self in social contexts。Annual Review of Psychology，45(1)，297-332。  new window
18.Sedikides, Constantine(1993)。Assessment, Enhancement, and Verification Determinants of the Self-Evaluation Process。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，65(2)，317-338。  new window
19.Rayner, K.(2009)。Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search。The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology，62(8)，1457-1506。  new window
20.Spencer-Rodgers, J.、Boucher, H. C.、Peng, K.、Wang, L.(2009)。Cultural differences in self-verification: The role of naïve dialecticism。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，45(4)，860-866。  new window
21.Hattie, John T.、Timperley, Helen(2007)。The power of feedback。Review of Educational Research，77(1)，81-112。  new window
22.Baumeister, Roy F.、Bratslavsky, Ellen、Finkenauer, Catrin、Vohs, Kathleen D.(2001)。Bad Is Stronger Than Good。Review of General Psychology，5(4)，323-370。  new window
23.Fiske, Susan T.(1980)。Attention and Weight in Person Perception: The Impact of Negative and Extreme Behavior。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，38(6)，889-906。  new window
學位論文
1.林俊宏(2009)。台灣簡式人格量表的制訂：以瑞典大學人格量表簡化修訂(碩士論文)。輔仁大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.王澄華(2001)。人格特質與網路人際互動對網路成癮的影響(碩士論文)。輔仁大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.張如芬(2006)。諮商員之人格特質、宗教信仰、自我效能與諮商表現之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立花蓮教育大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Duchowski, A. T.(2007)。Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice。Springer-Verlag。  new window
2.Underwood, G.(2005)。Cognitive processes in eye guidance。Oxford：Oxford University。  new window
3.Rosenberg, Morris(1965)。Society and the Adolescent Self-image。Princeton University Press。  new window
4.Kunda, Ziva(1999)。Social Cognition: Making Sense of People。Cambridge, Mass：MIT Press。  new window
其他
1.Hattie, J.(19990802)。Influences on student learning，http://xn-www-rp0a.teacherstoolbox.co.uk/downloads/ managers/Influencesonstudent.pdf。  new window
圖書論文
1.Cole, S.、Balcetis, E.(2011)。Of Visions and Desires: Biased Perceptions of the Environment can Serve Self-Protective Functions。Handbook of Self-Enhancement and Self-Protection。New York：The Guilford Press。  new window
2.Sedikides, C.、Green, J. D.、Pinter, B.(2004)。Self-protective memory。The self and memory。Philadelphia：Psychology Press。  new window
3.Sedikides, C.、Skowronski, J. J.(2000)。On the evolutionary functions of the symbolic self: The emergence of self-evaluation motives。Psyhological perspectives on self and identity。Washington, DC：American Psychological Association。  new window
4.Kanouse, D. E.、Hanson, L. R. Jr.(1972)。Negativity in Evaluations。Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior。Morristown, NJ：General Learning Press。  new window
5.Baumeister, R. F.(1998)。The self。The Handbook of Social Psychology。McGraw-Hill。  new window
6.Tesser, A.(1988)。Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior。Advances in experimental social psychology。Academic Press。  new window
7.Steele, C. M.(1988)。The psychology of selfaffirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self。Advances in experimental social psychology。New York, NY：Academic。  new window
8.Peeters, G.、Czapinski, J.(1990)。Positive-negative Asymmetry in Evaluations: The Distinction between Affective and Informational Negativity Effects。European Review of Social Psychology。New York, NY：John Wiley & Sons。  new window
 
 
 
 
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