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題名:從情緒,認知與因應探討父母衝突對兒童適應的影響
作者:徐儷瑜 引用關係
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:心理學研究所
指導教授:許文耀
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:父母衝突兒童適應情緒安全感認知評估因應行為
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究以情緒安全感假說,與認知背景架構觀點為基礎,探討父母衝突對兒童的直接影響。藉由統整情緒安全感與認知評估之概念,釐清情緒與認知在兒童適應父母衝突時所產生的影響。並加上因應行為的觀點,探索兒童的因應行為,在適應父母衝突時之角色,比較兒童的情緒、認知及因應行為,三者對兒童適應父母衝突的影響性。
本研究的目的有四:一、將情緒安全感概念與認知背景架構中認知評估概念予以純化與細化;二、以純化與細化後的情緒認知反應,預測兒童在父母衝突下的內化問題與外化問題;三、探討兒童的因應行為,在情緒認知反應及適應問題之間的中介與調節效果;四、比較一般家庭兒童與高衝突家庭兒童在情緒、認知、因應行為及內化、外化適應問題之差異,並檢驗兩組兒童在內化與外化問題之不同影響機制。
本研究以台北市與台北縣各一所國小的五年級兒童及其父母、導師為研究對象,共有566名兒童、413位父母、20位導師參與,以問卷法收集資料。研究工具為「兒童知覺父母衝突量表」(CPIC)、「父母間次系統安全感量表」(SIS)、「兒童因應量表」(CCSC)、「夫妻衝突策略量表」(CTS)、兒童行為檢核表兒童版(CBCL-YSR)、老師版(CBCL-TRF)及家長版(CBCL)。資料分析採因素分析法及多元迴歸分析法進行。
本研究的結果如下:一、將情緒安全感與認知評估純化與細化後,形成兩個情緒反應:情緒激起及情緒失調;與六個認知反應:自責感、波及我、因應效能、建設性家庭表徵、破壞性家庭表徵、及父母衝突特徵。二、情緒認知反應能預測39%兒童內化問題,以情緒失調、情緒激起、缺乏因應效能、自責感、與波及我具有顯著預測力;對外化問題,情緒認知反應只能預測6%的變異量,以缺乏情緒激起、與自責感具顯著預測力。三、因應行為在情緒認知反應與適應問題之間,不具有中介效果,但有顯著調節效果,特別是在當兒童對父母衝突出現高自責時,越採取介入與尋求支持行為,其內化問題越顯著,但若採取低介入與低尋求支持行為,對其內化問題具有緩解效果。四、高衝突家庭兒童之內化較一般衝突家庭兒童顯著,他們對父母衝突的情緒激起、破壞性家庭表徵、建設性家庭表徵及缺乏因應效能均較高。情緒認知反應對不同衝突家庭兒童之不同適應問題,各有不同預測效果。高衝突家庭兒童之內化問題,情緒認知反應具有39%之預測力,以缺乏建設性家庭表徵波及我及兩種認知表徵最具預測力;對一般家庭兒童之內化問題,情緒認知反應亦有39%之預測力,以情緒失調、缺乏因應效能、自責感具有顯著預測力;而一般家庭兒童之外化問題,情緒認知反應有6%之預測力,以缺乏情緒激起、及自責感具有顯著預測力。
本研究進一步討論此研究結果的意涵,以及在研究概念與實務運用之貢獻,並提出研究限制及未來研究方向建議。
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