一、中文部分
方進隆（1992）。規律運動與健康促進和疾病預防。中華體育， 5卷4期，1-7頁。
行政院體育委員會（2002）。倍增計畫。國民體育季刊，33卷3期，5-10頁。
行政院體育委員會（2009）。98年運動城市報告。台北市：行政院體育委員會。
吳明隆（2009）。SPSS操作與應用：問卷統計分析實務。台北市：五南。
呂宛蓁（2011）。計畫行為理論於健身運動領域之應用。中華體育季刊，25卷2期，290-296頁。
卓俊辰（1986）。體適能：健身運動處方的理論與實務。台北市：國立台灣師範大學。
林佑真、溫啟邦、衛沛文（2007）。臺灣地區成年人之休閒運動行為與健康行為、健康狀況、健康相關生活品質之關係探討。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，26卷3期，218-228頁。林季燕、馮家榆（2008）。以自我決定理論預測大專體育課學生動機、興趣及努力之研究。臺中教育大學體育學系系刊， 3期，1-8頁。
邱皓政（2005）。結構方程模式--LISREL的理論技術與應用。台北市：雙葉。
張志成（2007）。應用自我決定理論探討大學生十二個月的運動行為改變。臺灣運動心理學報，11期，67-81頁。張志成（2009）。應用結構方程模式檢定台灣大學生規律運動及體重過重者自我呈現、心理需求與運動依賴的關係。護理暨健康照護研究，5卷1期，20-30頁。許建民（2006）。青少年休閒參與動機模式之建立與驗證。未出版博士論文，桃園縣，國立體育學院體育研究所。陳建瑋、季力康（2009）。大學生不同運動階段基本心理需求與主觀幸福感之相關研究。體育學報，42卷1期，25-37頁。陸 洛（1996）。中國人幸福感相關因素之探討。收錄於行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告。台北市：行政院國家科學委員會。
黃芳銘（2004）。社會科學統計方法學--結構方程模式。台北市：五南。
黃芳銘（2005）。結構方程模式--理論與應用（修訂版）。台北市：五南。
黃淑貞、劉翠薇、洪文綺（2002）。影響大學生運動習慣之社會心理因素研究。健康促進暨衛生教育雜誌，22期，55-66頁。楊國樞（1980）。生活素質的心理學觀。中華心理學刊，22期，11-24頁。
葉麗琴、王俊明、葉麗珠。（2011）。動態休閒活動心理需求滿足感、樂趣與主觀幸福感之研究。論文發表於2011 國立台東大學動作行為研究與應用國際學術研討會—技能學習與戶外活動。
葉麗琴、許成源、葉麗珠、王莉莉、藍卉羚、莊訓達（2011）。體適能教育介入對學生運動行為與體適能促進之研究。論文發表於2011年北區技專校院體適能產業推動與體適能促進計畫成果發表學術研討會，台北市：台北科技大學。
葉麗琴、葉麗珠（2009）。以自我決定理論的觀點探討社會體型焦慮對運動樂趣的影響。論文發表於2009體育運動學術團體聯合年會暨學術研討會，台北市：台灣大學。
葉麗琴、葉麗珠（2010）。健身運動心理需求滿足感量表修訂之研究。臺灣運動心理學報，16期，21-40頁。葉麗琴、葉麗珠、吳佳穎、王靜媺（2010）。青少年休閒運動行為之研究：以自我決定理論的觀點。論文發表於2010年教育部水域運動教育暨休閒、運動與健康促進學術研討會，基隆市：崇右技術學院。
葉麗琴、盧俊宏、葉麗珠（2009）。不同運動階段健身運動基本心理需求滿意度與運動樂趣之研究。論文發表於2009國際運動心理學學術研討會，台北市：台灣師範大學。
蔡銘仁（2006）。國中生體育課參與動機及其身體活動的探討-應用自我決定理論。未出版之碩士論文，台北市，國立台灣師範大學。
魏米秀、陳建宏（2002）。大專學生運動行為相關因素研究：以某技術學院為例。學校衛生，40期，50-65頁。
蘇美如、黃英哲（2009）。國小體育教師支持和學生體育課參與動機歷程之關係--應用自我決定理論。臺灣運體心理學報，14期，33-50頁。二、英文部分
Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. New York: Routedge.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173- 1182.
Biddle, S. J. H., & Mutrie, N. (2001). Psychology of physical ac- tivity: Determinants, well-being and interventions. Landon: Roatledge.
Brunet, J., & Sabiston, C. M. (2009). Social physique anxiety and physical activity: A self-determination theory perspec- tive. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(3), 329- 335.
Byrne, B. M. (1989). A primer of LISREL: Basic applications and programming for confirmatory factor analytic models. New York: Spring-Verlag.
Callaghan, P. (2004). Exercise: A negative intervention in men- tal health care. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 11, 476-483.
Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J., et al. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach. Jour- nal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1516-1530.
Cox, A.E., Smith, A.L., & Williams, L. (2008). Change in physi- cal education motivation and physical activity behavior during middle school. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 506-513.
Cox, A., & Williams, L. (2008). The roles of perceived teacher support, motivational climate, and psychological need sa- tisfaction in students’ physical education motivation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 222-239.
Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self- determination in human behavior. New York: Plenu Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Ne- braska symposium on motivation(pp. 237-288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000a). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social develop- ment, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000b). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Self-determination research: Reflections and future directions. In E. L. Deci, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook on self-determination research. Ro- chester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Dishman. R. K., Sallis, J. F., & Orenstein, D. (1985). The deter- minants of physical activity and exercise. Public Health Reports, 100, 158-171.
Duncan, L. R., Hall, C. R., Wilson, P. M., Jenny, O. (2010). Exercise motivation: A ross-sectional analysis examining its relationships with frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(7), 1-9.
Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2006a). A test of self- determination theory in the exercise domain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 2240-2265.Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2006b). Examining exercise dependence symptomology from a self- determina- tion perspective. Journal of Health Psychology, 1, 887- 903.
Feltz, D. L. (1988). Self-confidence and sports performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 16, 423-458.
Fox, K. R. (1999). The influence of physical activity on mental well-being. Public Health Nutrition, 2, 411-418.
Frederick, C. M., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Differences in motiva- tion for sport and exercise and their relations with partici- pation and mental health. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16, 124-146.
Gagne, M., Ryan, R. M., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy su- pport and need satisfaction in the motivation and well- being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 372-390.
Gillison, F. B., Standage, M., & Skevington, S. M. (2006). Rela- tionships among adolescents’ weight perceptions, exercise goals, exercise motivation, quality of life and leisure-time exercise behaviour: A self-determination theory approach. Health Education Research, 21, 836-847.
Gilmour, J. (2007). Physically active Canadians. Health Reports, 18, 45-65.
Godin, G., & Shephard, R. (1985). A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian Journal of Applied Science, 10, 141-146.
Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2008). Self-determi- nation theory and the psychology of exercise. International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 1, 79-103.
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Culverhouse, T., & Biddle, S. J. H. (2003). The process by which perceived autonomy support in physical education promotes leisure- time physical activity intentions and behavior: A trans- contextual model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 784-795.
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Barkoukis, V., Wang, C. K. J., & Baranowski, J. (2005). Perceive autonomy support in physical education promotes leisure-time physical acti- vity intentions and behavior: A trans-contextual model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 784-795.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Ta- tham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis(6th ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Hausenblas, H. A., Brewer, B. W., & Van Raalte, J. L. (2004). Self-presentation and exercise. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 3-18.
Ingledew, D. K., & Markland, D. (2008). The role of motives in exercise participation. Psychology and Health, 23(7), 807- 828.
Ingledew, D. K., & Sullivan, G. (2002). Effects of body mass and body image on exercise motives in adolescence. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 323-338.
Ingledew, D. K., Markland, D., & Medley, A. R. (1998). Exercise motives and stages of change. Journal of Health Psycholo- gy, 3, 477-489.
Ingledew, D. K., Markland, D., & Sheppard, K. E. (2004). Perso- nality and self-determination of exercise behavior. Perso- nality & Individual Differences, 36, 1921-1932.
Jacobs, D. R., Ainsworth, B. E., Hartman, T. J., & Leon, A. S. (1993). A simultaneous evaluation of 10 commonly used physical activity questionnaires. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25, 81-91.
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1989). LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equa- tion modeling (2nd Ed.), New York: the Guilford Press.
Koestner, R., & Losier, G. F. (2002). Distinguishing three ways of being internally motivated: A closer look at introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 101-121). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Kowal, J., & Fortier, M. S. (2000). Testing relationships from the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation using flow as a motivational consequence.Research Quar- terly for Exercise and Sport, 71, 171–181.
Landry, J. B., & Solmon, M. A. (2004). African American wo- men’s self-determination across the stages of change for exercise. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 457-469.
Li, F. (1999). The exercise motivation scale: Its multifaceted structure and construct validity. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 97-115.
Maltby, J., & Day, L. (2001). The relationship between exercise motives and psychological wellbeing. Journal of Psycholo- gy, 135, 651-660.
Markland, D., & Ingledew, D. K. (2007). Exercise participation motives: A self-determination theory perspective. In M. S. Hagger & N. L. D. Chatzisarantis (Eds), Self-determination theory in exercise and sport (pp. 23-24). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Markland, D., & Tobin, V. (2004). A modification to the behavi- oral regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26, 191-196.
McAuley, E., & Rudolph, D. (1995). Physical activity, aging, and psychological wellbeing. Journal of Aging and Physi- cal Activity, 3, 67-98.
McDonough, M. H., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2007). Testing self- determined motivation as a mediator of the relationship between psychological needs and affective and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 645-663.
Milyavskaya, M., & Koestner, R. (2011). Psychological needs, motivation, and well-being: A test of self-determination theory across multiple domains. Personality and Individual Differences. 50(3), 387-391.Mullan, E., & Markland, D. (1997). Variations in self-determi- nation across the stages of change for exercise in adults. Motivation & Emotion, 21(4), 349-362.
Murcia, J. A. M., San Román, M. L., Galindo, C. M., Alonso, N., & González-Cutre, D. (2008). Peers’ Influence one Exer- cise Enjoyment: A self-determination theory approach. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 7, 23 - 31.
Ntoumanis, N. (2001). A self-determination approach to the understanding of motivation in physical education. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 225-242.
Ntoumanis, N. (2002). Motivational clusters in a sample of Bri- tish physical education classes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 177-194.
Ntoumanis, N. (2001). A self-determination approach to the un- derstanding of motivation in physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 225-242.
Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A prospective study of participation in optional school physical education using a self-determi- nation theory framework. Journal of Educational Psycholo- gy, 97 (3), 444-453.
Ntoumanis, N., & Biddle, S. J. H. (1999). A review of motiva- tional climate in physical activity. Journal of Sport Sciences, 17, 643-665.
Ommundsen, Y., & Kval , S. E. (2007). Autonomy-mastery, su- pportive or performance focused? Different teacher beha- viours and pupils’ outcomes in physical education. Scan- dinavian Journal of Educational Research, 51 (4), 385- 413.
Owen, N., & Bauman, A. (1992) The descriptive epidemiology of a sedentary lifestyle in adult Australians. International Journal of Epidemiology, 21, 305-310.
Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Perceived motivational cli- mate, need satisfaction, and indices of well-being in team sports: A longitudinal perspective. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 7, 269-286.
Rejeski, W. J., Brawley, L. R., & Shumaker, S. A. (1996). Physi- cal activity and health-related quality of life. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 24, 71-108.
Rose, E. A., Parfitt, G., & Williams, S. (2005). Exercise causali- ty orientations, behavioural regulation for exercise and stage of change for exercise: Exploring their relationships. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 399-414.
Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63, 397-427.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causali- ty and internalization: examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and th facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social devlopment, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). An overview of self- determi- nation theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In E. L. Deci, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determina- tion research (pp. 3-33). Rochester, NY: University of Ro- chester Press.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2007). Active human nature: Self- determition theory and the promotion and maintenance of sport, exercise and health. In M. S. Hagger & N. L. D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic motivation and self-deter- mination in exercise an sport (pp. 1-19). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Ryan, R. M., Frederick, C. M., Lepes, D., Rubio, N., & Sheldon, K. M. (1997). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 335-354.
Sallis, J.F., & McKenzie, T. L. (1991) Physical education’s role in public health. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62, 124-137.
Sallis, J.F., & Owen, N. (1999). Physical activity and behavioral medicine. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Salmon, P. (2001). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, de- pression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory. Cli- nical Psychology Review, 21, 33-61.
Sarrazin, P., Vallerand, R., Guillet, E., Pelletier, L., & Cury, F. (2002). Motivation and dropout in female handballers: A 21-month prospective study. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 395-418.
Self-Determination Theory (2011). About the theory. Self-Deter- mination Theory: An approach to human motivation & per- sonality. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from http://www. psych. rochester.edu/SDT/theory.php
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996). What makes for a good day Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(12), 170-179.
Smith, P. (1998). Social development. In M. E. Eysenk (Ed.), Psychology: An integrated approach (pp. 293-323). New York, NY: Longman.
Standage, M., Duda, J. L. and Ntoumanis, N. (2003). A model of contextual motivation in physical education: Using con- structs from self-determination and achievement goal the- ories to predict physical activity intentions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 97-110.
Standage, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A test of self-determination theory in school physical education. British Journal of Education Psychology, 75, 411-433.Standage, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2006). Students’s motivational processes and their relationship to teacher ratings in school physical education: A self- determina- tion theory approach. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77, 100-110.
Standage, M., Gillison, F. B., & Treasure, D. C. (2007). Self- determination and motivation in physical education. In M. S. Hagger, & N. L. D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic mo- tivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 71-85). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., & Ntoumanis, N. (2006). The role of self-determined motivation in the understanding of exer- cise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-eva- luations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 393-404.
Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., & Ntoumanis, N. (2007). A self-deter- mination theory approach to the study of body image con- cerns, self-presentation and self-perceptions in a sample of aerobic instructors. Journal of Health Psychology, 12, 301- 315.
Thume, I., & Lung, E. (1997). The influence of physical activity on lung cancer risk. International Journal of Cancer, 70, 57-62.
Ullrich-French, S., & Cox, A. (2009). Using cluster analysis to examine the combinations of motivation regulations of physical education students. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31, 358-379.
Vallerand, R. J. (2001). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and ex- trinsic motivation in sport and exercise. In G. C. Roberts (Ed.), Advance in motivation in sport and exercise social psychology (pp.263-319). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Vallerand, R. J., & Losier, G. F. (1999). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 142- 169.
Vallerand, R. J., & Rousseau, F. L. (2001). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and exercise: A review using the hie- rarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, and C. M. Janelle (2nd eds.) Handbook of Sport Psychology (pp. 389-416). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Vallerand, R. J., Fortier, M. S., & Guay, F. (1997). Self-deter- mination and persistence in a real-life setting: Toward a motivational model of high school dropout. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(5), 1161-1176.
Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2004). How to become a persevering exerciser? Providing a clear, future intrinsic goal in an autonomy supportive way. Jour- nal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26, 232-249.
Vlachopoulos, S. P ., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2005). Interaction of external, introjected, and identified regulation with in- trinsic motivation in exercise: Relationships with exercise enjoyment. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research 10, 113-132.
Vlachopoulos, S. P., Karageorghis, C. I., & Terry, P.C. (2000). Motivation profiles in sport: A Self-Determination Theo- ry perspective. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71, 387-397.
Warburton, D. E. R., Nicol, C.W., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Cana- dian Medical Association Journal, 174, 801-809.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and So- cial Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
Williams, G. C. (2002). Improving patients’ health through supporting the autonomy of patients and providers. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 233-254). Rochester, NY: University of Ro- chester Press.
Wilson, P. M., & Rodgers, W. M. (2004). The relationship be- tween perceived autonomy support, exercise regulations and behavioral intentions in women. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 229-242.
Wilson, P. M., Longley, K., Muon, S., Rodgers, W. M., & Murray, T. C. (2006). Examining the contributions of perceived psychological need satisfaction to wellbeing in exercise. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 11, 243-264.
Wilson, P. M., Mack, D. E., & Grattan, K. P. (2008). Understan- ding motivation for exercise: A self- determination theory perspective. Canadian Psychology, 49, 250-256.
Wilson, P. M., Rodgers, W. M., & Fraser, S. N. (2002). Examin- ing the psychometric properties of the behavioral regula- tion in exercise questionnaire. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 6, 1-21.
Wilson, P. M., Rodgers, W. M., Blanchard, C. M., & Gessell, J. G. (2003). The relationships between psychological needs, self-determined motivation, exercise attitudes, and physic- cal fitness. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 2373 -2392.
Wilson, P. M., Rodgers, W. M., Fraser, S. N., & Murray, T. C. (2004). Relationships between exercise regulations and motivational consequences in university students. Re- search Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 75, 81-91.
World Health Organization. (1995). Exercise for health: WHO/ FIMS Committee on Physical Activity for Health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 73, 135-136.
Wu, C. H., & Yao, G. (2006). Analysis of factorial invariance across gender in the Taiwan version of the satisfaction with life scale. Personality and Individual Difference, 40, 1259- 1268.