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題名：獨立機關治理結構與過程之研究：以我國選舉行政為例
作者：王曉麟
作者(外文)：Wang, Hsiao Lin
校院名稱：國立政治大學
系所名稱：公共行政研究所
指導教授：孫本初
黃臺生
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2013
主題關鍵詞：獨立機關；治理結構；治理過程；選舉行政；選舉治理；中央選舉委員會；Independent Agency；Governance Structure；Governance Process；Election Administration；Electoral Governance；Central Election Commission
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自美國於1887年創設州際商務委員會以來，歷經20世紀歐洲管制型國家的興起，此種以美國獨立管制委員會為發展原型的獨立機關，業已成為世界各國管制革新與政府再造之主要制度設計與制度選擇。我國以行政院組織改造為主軸的政府再造亦襲用之，成立國家通訊傳播委員會、公平交易委員會、中央選舉委員會等三個獨立機關，確立通訊傳播、公平交易、選舉行政為我國三大獨立管制行政領域。鑒於獨立機關研究之方興未艾與選舉行政研究付之闕如，爰以我國中央選舉委員會為例，探討獨立機關治理結構與過程，研析我國選舉行政機關治理結構與過程，並建構我國選舉行政（選舉治理）獨立性之評估架構。
本研究採用新制度論研究途徑，運用質量並用研究方法，爬梳整理獨立機關與選舉行政治理結構之類型、內涵與效果，探索各種類型之獨立機關與選舉行政機關治理結構共同之建構原則及治理過程共通之標準，歸納治理結構面向之五個影響因素為制度、組織、人事、財務、網絡；治理過程面向之五個因素為自主、公平、透明、課責、績效。同時研析我中央選舉委員會之治理結構與過程，藉以設計量化研究之調查問卷與質化研究之深度訪談題目各一項。分別以參加2011年及2012年行政院人事行政總處地方行政研習中心選務工作人員講習班之575位各級政府選務工作人員進行調查，有效問卷482份，有效問卷回收率為83.83%，相關資料以社會科學統計套裝軟體SPSS 19.0版進行統計分析。深度訪談則訪談選舉行政機關具有選舉行政決策權力之高層主管人員、政府相關機關高層人員、主要政黨高層人員等三類人員9人，相關資料以內容分析法進行分析。
經由文獻分析、比較分析、案例分析與兩項實證研究，分別從獨立機關治理、選舉行政治理、我國選舉行政治理、實證研究分析等四個方面提出研究發現。為解決實務問題並提升我國選舉行政獨立性，爰從治理結構與治理過程各個因素，提出二十項政策建議，以作為未來改革我國選舉行政相關制度與機制之參考，並提出四項未來研究建議，俾後續研究者於研究主題、研究策略與研究方法等方面有所參照。
Independent Agency which take United States Independent Regulatory Commission as developmental prototype already became the main institutional design and institutional choice of regulatory reform and reinventing government all over the world since United States set up Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887 and gone through the rise of regulatory state of European countries in 20th century. The reinventing government in Taiwan which take Executive Yuan organizational reform as principal axis take over it and established three independent agencies that are National Communication Commission, Fair Trade Commission and Central Election Commission, identify communication, fair trade and election administration are three independent administration governance domains in Taiwan. In view of the research of independent agencies are still growing and election administration is neglect, take Central Election Commission in Taiwan for example to discuss the governance structures and processes of independent agency, analysis the governance structures and processes and construct assessment framework of election administration (electoral governance ) in Taiwan.
The dissertation adopt New Institutionalism approach and mixed research methods, sort out types, contents and effects of independent agency and election administration governance structure. Explore the common structure principles and governance processes criterions of various types of independent agencies and electoral management bodies. Summary five affect factors of governance structure dimension are institution, organization, personnel, finance and network, five affect factors of governance process dimension are independence, fairness, transparency, accountability and performance. At the same time, analysis the governance structures and processes of Central Election Commission in Taiwan in order to design a questionnaire of quantitative research and an in-depth interview question of qualitative research. The former survey 575 election affair staffs who participated in Election Affair Staff Workshops of Regional Civil Service Development Institute of Central Personnel Administration, Executive Yuan 2011 and 2012, valid questionnaires are 482, valid response rate is 83.83%, related data are analysis by Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) 19.0. The latter are interview three categories persons who are with decision making power in election administration commissions, senior officials in other government authorities concerned and members of main political parties, related data are analysis by content analysis.
By way of documentary analysis, comparative analysis, case studies and two empirical studies, put forward four research discoveries from four aspects which are independent agency governances, election administration governances, election administration governances in Taiwan and empirical studies analysis. For the purpose of solving practical problems and enhancing independence of election administration, make twenty policy recommendations from various factors of governance structure and governance processes regard as the references of reforming electoral administration institutions and mechanisms in Taiwan in the future. Propose four future research suggestions for the sake of giving consultations in research topics, research strategies and research methods for further follow-up researchers.
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