The construction of social security system in Taiwan has long been based on the combination of social insurance and social assistance schemes. In 1994, the old age allowance, the first social allowance scheme that had ever implemented in this country, was adopted by the main opposition party-Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in its governing counties. Afterwards, old age farmer allowance, disability allowance and family allowance were advocated and implemented at national or local level respectively. Also, the newly elected President Chen Shui-bian proposed a legislation to initiate a universal old age allowance scheme which offers three thousand dollars a month for all people aged 65 and over. However, most schemes mentioned above, owing to financial constraints, have been terminated or changed to some extent. Three main problems concerning the implementation of social allowance schemes are analyzed in this article, i.e., means-test ineligibility, segregation in entitlement, and dilution in benefit. The possible explanations for these problems are closely linked with intensive election, the ambiguous meaning of social allowance, the lack of societal consensus, and the implementation at limited local level. In sum, social allowance represents a new way of thinking in Taiwan. However, unless it gets substantial support from the members in society. It may be just accepted in form but not realized in substance.