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題名:美國法上之懲罰性賠償金制度
書刊名:國立臺灣大學法學論叢
作者:陳聰富 引用關係
作者(外文):Chen, Tsung-fu
出版日期:2002
卷期:31:5
頁次:頁163-219
主題關鍵詞:美國法懲罰性賠償金損害填補嚇阻功能懲罰功能美國法院美國立法消費者保護法惡意行為懲罰性賠償金之限度懲罰性賠償金之量定
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(15) 博士論文(5) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:15
  • 共同引用共同引用:38
  • 點閱點閱:84
     懲罰性賠償金的主要問題,可歸類為以下三項:(為什麼需要採用懲罰性賠償金制度?此項問題涉及懲罰性賠償金的性質與目的功能,同時涉及該制度是否與填補性損害賠償制度相衝突。(被告何種行為得判決懲罰性賠償金?即被告何時應負擔懲罰性賠償責任?(在判決懲罰性賠償金時,以何種數額為適當?亦即做成懲罰或賠償金判決時,其數額之量定應勘酌何種因素?本文之目的,在於回答上述問題。 本文認為,懲罰性賠償金在性質上具有「準刑事罰」的性質,在目的固有損害填補、嚇阻、報復、及私人執行法律等功能,但其主要目的,在於報復與懲罰的功能。基於此項功能,對於何行為應課以懲罰性賠償責任,本文指出故意或惡性重大等行為,無論侵權行為或違約事件,被告均應負擔懲罰性賠償責任,至於單純過失責任,尤其輕過失而無惡意之侵權行為,無庸負擔懲罰性賠償責任。 在懲罰性賠償金量定因素上,美國法院主要以被告不法行為的非難程度與其獲利可能性、原告受害之性質與程度、被告之財務狀況,以及被告遭受其他處罰之可能性為考量的標準。以懲罰性賠償金之報復與懲罰目的觀之,被告不法行為的非難性顯然應作為最重要的量定標準。 關於美國懲罰性賠償金數額量定因素的改進方案,有主張以團體訴訟為限,有主張應分階段審理,有認為陪審團僅認定責任成立要件,而由法官決定賠償金額者。我國法官在判決懲罰性賠償金時一向趨於保守,似不可能發生如美國法院判決懲罰性賠償金數額判決過巨之情形。 關於懲罰性賠償金額最高額或倍數賠償額之限制,我國消費者保護法第五十一條及健康食品管理法第二十九條均採類似規定,以避免懲罰性賠償金額判決金額過高。惟懲罰性賠償金額最高額或倍數賠償額之限制,與懲罰性賠償金的制度目的不合,應非可採。
期刊論文
1.陳聰富(19971000)。美國懲罰性賠償金的發展趨勢--改革運動與實證研究的對恃。國立臺灣大學法學論叢,27(1),231-264。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Abraham, Kenneth、Jeffries, John Jr.(1989)。Punitive Damages and the Rule of Law: The Role of Defendant's Wealth。J. Legal Stud.,18,415。  new window
3.Bungert, Hartwin(1993)。Enforcing U.S. Excessive and Punitive Damages Awards in Germany。The International Lawyer,27,1075。  new window
4.Braslow, Norman T.(1999)。The Recognition and Enforcement of Common Law Punitive Damages in a Civil Law System: Some Reflections on the Japanese Experience。Ariz. J. Int'l & Comp. Law,16,285。  new window
5.Baldus, David、Macqueen, John、Woodworth, Goeorge(1995)。Improving Judicial Oversight of Jury Damages Assessments: A Proposal for the Comparative Additur/Remittitur Review of Awards for Nonpecuniary Harms and Punitive Damages。Iowa L. Rev.,80,1109。  new window
6.Chapman, Bruce、Trebicock, M.(1989)。Damages: Divergence in Search of A Rationale。Ala. L. Rev.,40,741。  new window
7.Clausen, Andrew、Carwie, A.(1989)。Problems Applying the Life of Georgia v. Johnson Case in the Product Liability Setting: Where do we go with Punitive Damages After BMW v. Gore?。Ala. L. Rev.,58,46。  new window
8.Cooter, Robert D.(1989)。Punitive Damages for Deterrence: When and How Much?。Alabama Law Review,40,1143-1148。  new window
9.(2000)。Development in the Law: the Paths of Civil Litigation III. Problems and Proposals in Punitive Damages Reform。Harv. L. Rev.,113,1783。  new window
10.Eisenberg, Theodore(1998)。Measuring the Deterrent Effect of Punitive Damages。Geo. L. Rev.,87,347。  new window
11.Ellis, Dorsey D. Jr.(1982)。Fairness and Efficiency in the Law of Punitive Damages。Southern California Law Review,56,1-3。  new window
12.Galanter, Marc、Luban, D.(1993)。Poetic Justice: Punitive Damages and Legal Pluralism。Am. U. L. Rev.,42,1393。  new window
13.Ghiardi, James、Kircher, John(1982)。Punitive Damage Recovery in Products Liability Cases。Marq. L. Rev.,65,1。  new window
14.Hampton, Jean(1992)。Correcting Harms Versus Righting Wrongs: The Goal of Retribution。UCLA L. Rev.,39,1659。  new window
15.Hart, Mark(1991)。The Constitutionality of Punitive Damages: Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Co. v Haslip。Cumb. L. Rev.,21,585。  new window
16.Landsman, S.、Diamond, S.、Dimitropoulos, L.、Saks, M.(1998)。Be Careful What You Wish For: the Paradoxical Effects of Bifurcating Claims for Punitive Damages。Wis. L. Rev.,1998,297。  new window
17.Hylton, Keith N.(1998)。Punitive Damages and the Economic Theory of Penalties。Georgetown Law Journal,87(2),421-471。  new window
18.Osoba, Wayne(1984)。The Punitive Damage Class Action: A Solution to the Problem of Multiple Punishment。U. Ill. L. Rev.,1984,153。  new window
19.Mogin, Paul(1998)。Why Judges, Not Juries, Should Set Punitive Damages。U. Chi. L. Rev.,65,179。  new window
20.Mckee, Bruce(1996)。The Implicatioins of BMW V. Core for Future Punitive Damages Litigation: Observation From A Participant。Ala. L. Rev.,48,175。  new window
21.Mallor, Jane、Roberts, Barry(1999)。Punitive Damages: Toward a Principled Approach。Hastings L. J.,50,969。  new window
22.Owen, David(1976)。Punitive Damages in Products Liability Litigation。Mich. L. Rev.,74,1258-1320。  new window
23.Owen, David G.(1982)。Civil Punishment and the Public Good。S. Cal. L. Rev.,56,103-106。  new window
24.Pace, Kimberly(1997)。Recalibrating the Scales of Justice Through National Punitive Damages Reform。Am. U. L. Rev.,46,1573。  new window
25.Sales, James、Cole, K. Jr.(1984)。Punitive Damages: A Relic That Has Outlived Its Origins。Vand. L. Rev.,37,1117。  new window
26.Salbu, Steven(1997)。Developing Rational Punitive Damages Policies: Beyond the Constitution。Fla. L. Rev.,49,247。  new window
27.Rustad, Michael、Koeing, T.(1993)。The Historical Continuity of Punitive Damages: Reforming the Tort Reformers。Am. U. L. Rev.,42,1269。  new window
28.Priest, George L.(1982)。Punitive Damages and Enterprise Liability。S. Cal. L. Rev.,56,123。  new window
29.Turner, Sabrina(1998)。The Shadow of BMW of North America, Inc. v Gore。Wis. L. Rev.,1998,427。  new window
30.Sullivan, Timothy(1977)。Punitive Damages in the Law of Contract: The Reality and the Illusion of Legal Change。Minn. L. Rev.,61,207。  new window
31.Schwartz, Gary(1982)。Deterrence and Punishment in the Common Law of Punitive Damages: A Comment。S. Cal. L. Rev.,56,133。  new window
32.Simpson, John Jr.(1996)。Discovery of New Worth in Bifurcated Punitive Damages Cases: A suggested Approach After Transportation Insurance Co. v. Moriel。S. Tex. L. Rev.,37,193。  new window
33.Stiefel, E.、Sturner, R.、Stadler, A.(1991)。The Enforceability of Excessive U.S. Punitive Damage Awards in Germany。Am. J. of Comp. L.,39,779。  new window
34.Viscusi, W. Kip(1998)。The Social Costs of Punitive Damages Against Corporations in Environmental and Safety Torts。Georgetown Law Journal,87。  new window
35.Wheeler, Malcolm E.(1989)。A Proposal for Further Common Law Development of the Use of Punitive Damages in Modern Product Liability Litigation。Alabama Law Review,40,919。  new window
36.Dobbs, Dan B.(1989)。Ending Punishment in "Punitive" Damages: Deterrence-Measured Remedies。Ala. L. Rev.,40,831。  new window
37.林德瑞(19990700)。論懲罰性賠償金可保性之法律爭議。國立中正大學法學集刊,2,103-129。new window  延伸查詢new window
38.林德瑞(19980700)。論懲罰性賠償。國立中正大學法學集刊,1,25-66。new window  延伸查詢new window
39.Luban, David(1998)。A Flawed Case Against Punitive Damages。Geo. L. Rev.,87,359。  new window
40.Polinsky, A. Mitchell、Shavell, Steven(1998)。Punitive Damages: An Economic Analysis。Harvard Law Review,111(4),869-962。  new window
圖書
1.消費者保護委員會(2000)。消費者保護法判決函釋彙編。消費者保護委員會。  延伸查詢new window
2.Blatt, R.、Hammesfahr, R.、Nugent, L.(1991)。Punitive Damages: A State by State Guide to Law and Practice。St. Paul, Minn:West Publishing Co.。  new window
3.Clegg, Roger(1994)。State Civil Justice Reform。D.C.:National Legal Center for the Public Interest。  new window
4.Davies, Julie、Levine, L.、Kionka, E.(1999)。A Torts Anthology。Cincinnati, Ohio:Anderson Publishing Co.。  new window
5.Keeton, W. Page、Dobbs, D.、Keeten, R.、Owen, D.(1984)。Prossor and Keeton on the Law of Torts。ST. Paul, Minn:West Publishing Co.。  new window
6.Markesinis, B. S.、Deakin, S. F.(1999)。Tort Law。Oxford:Clarendon Press。  new window
7.Pinkard, Terry(1987)。Democratic Liberalism and Social Union。  new window
8.Landes, William M.、Posner, Richard A.(1987)。The Economic Structure of Tort Law。Harvard University Press。  new window
9.Calabresi, Guido(1970)。The cost of accidents: A legal and economic analysis。Yale University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.謝哲勝(1999)。懲罰性賠償。財產法專題研究。元照。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Hampton, Jean(1988)。The Retributive Idea。Forgiveness and Mercy。Cambrdige University Press。  new window
3.Partlett, David(1999)。Punitive Damages: Legal Hot Zones。A Torts Anthology。Cincinnati, Ohio:Anderson Publishing CO.。  new window
 
 
 
 
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