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題名：過去如何被記憶與經驗：以霧鹿布農人為例的研究
書刊名：臺灣人類學刊
作者：楊淑媛 引用關係
作者(外文)：Yang, Shu-yuan
出版日期：2003
卷期：1:2
頁次：頁83-114
主題關鍵詞：布農人；記憶；歷史；認同；過去與現在的關係；The bunun；Memory；History；Identity；The relationship between the past and the present
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相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(8) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:6
  • 共同引用共同引用:97
  • 點閱點閱:123
　　　　　本文探討「過去」在不同的場合中如何以不同的方式被喚起、傳達、表徵和記憶。從近幾年來霧鹿地區的布農人對一個相當受矚目的歷史人物－Lamatasinsin－之塑造過程出發，本文探討對過去的表徵如何在漢人與國家的介入下成為不同地區的布農人所爭奪的政治資源，以及殖民統治與不同族群之間的權力關係對其社會記憶與歷史觀的影響。這樣的研究取向，與人類學最近對社會記憶的研究中，對其政治面向與爭議性的強調不謀而合。但是，本文也主張我們不應過度強調記憶的政治面向而忽視道德與情感等其他層面，否則將招致把過去化約為現在、把文化化約為政治的批評。因此，本文除了探討布農人如何透過記憶過去來參與現在、積極地與國家和強勢族群互動外，更超越表徵的層次、來呈現布農人如何透過特定的社會活動和實踐來經驗過去。在被界定為打獵的尋根活動中，透過身體與地景相互活化的過程，布農人得以喚起和體現祖先的記憶，由內在經驗到與過去同在，並透過這樣的經驗來建構其歷史主體性與認同。這樣將著重記憶之政治面向的研究角度與現象學的觀點結合在一起，對記憶的社會文化過程進行更深入、更細緻的探討，來傳達過去和現在之關係的複雜性與微妙性的研究，不論在民族誌上或人類學的理論上，都有其獨特的貢獻。
　　　　　This article takes to task some important theoretical assumptions in the mainstream studies of social memory, namely, the preoccupation with counter-memory and the tendency to view any discrepancy between official history and local memory as a critique of power and colonial oppression. Through the analysis of the processes of constructing a headhunter Lamatasinsin into a historical figure and "national hero," I demonstrate how representations of the past have become a political resource fought over by the Bunun in various areas under the intervention of the Han-Chinese and the state, and highlight the importance of heeding to colonial rule and the power relations between different ethnic groups in the examination of the Bunun's social memory. Such an approach is in accordance with the emphasis on the political dimension and contestedness of memory in recent studies of subaltern acts of remembering. However, I also argue that we should not overemphasize the political characteristics of memory and ignore its moral and affective dimensions, otherwise we are in danger of reducing the past to the present, and culture to politics. Therefore, this article also aims to move beyond the analysis of representations to show how the Bunun experience the past through certain social practices. Through the discussion of a hunting expedition to the place where Lamatasinsin used to live, I elucidate how the Bunun experience a simultaneity with past through the inter-animation of body and landscape, and how they construct their historical agency and identity through reenactment of the ancestral past. Such an attempt to combine the emphasis on the political dimension of memory with a phenomenological perspective to provide a deeper understanding of the socio-cultural processes of remembering, and to convey the complexity, irreducibility and subtlety of the relationship between the past and the present, is innovative both ethnographically and theoretically.
期刊論文
1.Hoskins, Janet(1987)。The Headhunter as Hero: Local Traditions and Their Reinterpretation in National History。American Ethnologist，14(4)，605-622。  new window
2.Roseman, S. R.(1996)。'How We Built the Road': The Politics of Memory in Rural Galicia。American Ethnologist，23(4)，836-860。  new window
3.Santos-Granero, Fernando(1998)。Writing History into the Landscape: Space, Myth, and Ritual in Contemporary Amazonia。American: Ethnologist，25(2)，128-148。  new window
4.Middleton, D.(1997)。The Social Organization of Conversational Remembering: Experience as Individual and Collective Concerns。Mind, Culture and Activity，4(2)，71-85。  new window
5.Cole, J.(1998)。The Work of Memory in Madagascar。American Ethnologist，25(4)，610-633。  new window
6.Confino, A.(1997)。Collective Memory and Cultural History: Problem of Method。American Historical Review，102(5)，1386-1403。  new window
7.Kenny, M. G.(1999)。A Place for Memory: The Interface between Individual and Collective History。Comparative Study of Society and History，41，420-437。  new window
8.Megill, A.(1998)。History, Memory, Identity。History of the Human Sciences，11(3)，37-62。  new window
9.Rappaport, J.(1988)。History and Everyday Life in the Colonial Andes。Man(n.s.)，23，718-739。  new window
10.Stokes, M.(1997)。Voices and Places: History, Repetition and the Musical Imagination。Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute(n. s.)，3(4)，673-691。  new window
11.Stoler, A. L.、Strassler, K.(2000)。Casting for the Colonial: Memory Work in ' New Order 'Java。Comparative Studies in Society and History，42(1)，4-48。  new window
12.Wilce, J.(2002)。Genres of Memory and the Memory of Genres: 'Forgetting' Lament in Bangladesh。Comparative Studies in Society and History，44(1)，159-185。  new window
13.Yelvington, K. A.(2002)。History, Memory and Identity: A Programmatic Prolegomenon。Critique of Anthropology，22(3)，227-256。  new window
學位論文
1.楊淑媛(2001)。Coping with Marginality: The Bunun in Contemporary Taiwan(博士論文)。University of London。  new window
2.楊淑媛(1992)。兩性、親屬與人的觀念：以霧鹿布農人為例的研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.方志榮(1998)。血、IS-ANG與布農族親屬的關係：以崙天為例，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.黃沛榮(2009)。部件教學法的運用及其局限。漢字教學的理論和實踐。臺北：樂學書局。  延伸查詢new window
2.Fentress, James J.、Wickham, Christopher J.(1992)。Social Memory。Oxford：Blackwell。  new window
3.Edward S. Casey(2000)。Remembering: A Phenomenological Study。Bloomington, IN：Indiana Uni-versity Press。  new window
4.衛惠林、余錦泉、林衡立(1972)。臺灣省通志，卷八：同冑志。南投：台灣省政府：臺灣省文獻會。  延伸查詢new window
5.Steedly, Mary Margaret(1993)。Hanging Without a Rope: Narrative Experience in Colonial and Postcolonial Karoland。Princeton：Princeton University Press。  new window
6.Cole, J.(2001)。Forget Colonialism? Sacrifice and the Art of Memory in Madagascar。Berkeley：University of California Press。  new window
7.Tsing , A . L .(1993)。In the Realm of the Diamond Queen。Princeton：Princeton University Press。  new window
8.Young, James Edward(1993)。The Texture of Memory: Holocaust, Memorials, and Meaning。Yale University Press。  new window
9.Sahlins, Marshall(1985)。Islands of History。Chicago：New York：University of Chicago Press：Tavistock Publcations。  new window
10.Rosaldo, Renato I.(1980)。Ilongot Headhunting, 1883-1974: A Study in Society and History。Stanford, CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
11.Bartlett, Frederic Charles(1932)。Remembering: A Study in Experimental and social Psychology。Cambridge University Press。  new window
12.Feld, Steven、Basso, Keith H.(1996)。Senses of Place。School of American Research Press。  new window
13.Scott, James C.(1990)。Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts。Yale University Press。  new window
14.Sahlins, Marshall D.(1981)。Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities: Structure in the Early History of the Sandwich Islands Kingdom。Ann Arbor：The University of Michigan Press。  new window
15.Braudel, Fernand、Matthews, Sarah(1980)。On History。University of Chicago Press。  new window
16.Lowenthal, David(1985)。The Past is a Foreign Country。Cambridge University Press。  new window
17.葉家寧(20020000)。臺灣原住民史：布農族史篇。國史館臺灣文獻館。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Halbwachs, Maurice、Ditter, Francis J. Jr.、Ditter, Vida Yazdi(1980)。The Collective Memory。Harper。  new window
19.Connerton, Paul(1989)。How Societies Remember。Cambridge University Press。  new window
20.丘其謙(1966)。布農族卡社群的社會組織。臺北：中央研究院民族學研究所。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.葉家寧(1995)。淺談布農族的史觀與時空觀的問題。臺灣原住民史料彙編，第一冊：雅美、布農、卑南族及都市原住民採訪紀錄。南投縣南投市。  延伸查詢new window
22.Bloch, M. E. F.(1995)。People into Places: Zafimaniry Concepts of Clarity。The Anthropology of Landscape。Oxford。  new window
23.Bloch, M. E. F.(1998)。Autobiographical Memory and the Historical Memory of the More Distant Past。How We Think They Think。Oxford。  new window
24.Errington, S.(1979)。Some Comments on Style in the Meaning of the Past。Perceptions of the Past in Southeast Asia。Singapore。  new window
25.Hoskins, Janet(1996)。The Heritage of Headhunting: History, Ideology, and Violence on Sumba, 1890-1990。Headhunting and the Social Imagination in Southeast Asia。Stanford。  new window
26.馬淵東一(1974)。Sphere of Geographical Knowledge and Socio-Political Organization among the Mountain Peoples of Formosa。Ethnology of the Southwestern Pacific。Taipei。  new window
27.Middleton, D.、Edwards, D.(1990)。Conversational Remembering: A Social Psychological Approach。Collective Remembering。London, UK。  new window
28.Rowlands, M.(1999)。Remembering to Forget: Sublimation as Sacrifice in War Memorials。The Art of Forgetting。Oxford。  new window
29.Strathern, M.(1991)。Artifacts of History: Events of the Interpretation of Images。Culture and History in the Pacific。Helsinki, Finland。  new window
30.劉斌雄(1986)。日本學者對臺灣土著的研究。臺灣土著社會文化研究論文集。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
31.瀨野尾寧(1935)。臺灣蕃界稗史殉職祕話。臺灣蕃界稗史殉職祕話。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
32.(1996)。Tense Past: Cultural Essays on Trauma and Memory。Tense Past: Cultural Essays on Trauma and Memory。London, UK。  new window
33.Basso, K. H.(1996)。Wisdom Sits in Places: Notes on a Western Apach Landscape。Senses of Place。Santa Fe。  new window
34.Bloch, M. E. F.(1998)。Time, Narratives and Multiplicity of Representations of the Past。How We Think They Think。Oxford。  new window
35.Boyarin, J.(1994)。Space, Time, and the Politics of Memory。Remapping Memory: The Politics of TimeSpace。Minneapolis, MN。  new window
36.Casey, E. S.(1993)。Getting Back into Place: Toward a Renewed Understanding of the Place-World。Getting Back into Place: Toward a Renewed Understanding of the Place-World。Bloomington。  new window
37.Casey, E. S.(1996)。How to Get form Space to Place in a Fairly Short Stretch of Time? Phenomenological Prolegomena。Senses of Place。Santa Fe。  new window
38.Cole, J.(1998)。The Uses of Defeat: Memory and Political Morality in East Madagascar。Memory and the Postcolony: African Anthropology and the Critique of Power。London, UK。  new window
39.(1997)。The Poetic Power of Place: Comparative Perspectives on Austronesian Ideas of Locality。The Poetic Power of Place: Comparative Perspectives on Austronesian Ideas of Locality。Canberra, Australia。  new window
40.Halbwachs, M.(1990)。On Collective Memory。On Collective Memory。Chicago, IL。  new window
41.Kuchler, S.(1993)。Landscape as Memory: the Mapping of Process and Its Representation in Melanesian Society。Landscape: Politics and Perspectives。Providence; Oxford。  new window
42.Lambek, M.(1996)。The Past Imperfect: Remembering as Moral Practice。Tense Past: Cultural Essays on Trauma and Memory。London, UK。  new window
43.(2001)。Cultural Memory: Reconfiguring History and Identity in the Postcolonial Pacific。Cultural Memory: Reconfiguring History and Identity in the Postcolonial Pacific。Honolulu, HI。  new window
44.Morphy, H.(1995)。Landscape and the Reproduction of the Ancestral Past。The Anthropology of Landscape。Oxford。  new window
45.Munn, N. D.(1995)。An Essay on the Symbolic Construction of Memory in the Kaluli Gisalo。Cosmos and Society in Oceania。Oxford。  new window
46.Parmentier, Richard J.(1987)。The Sacred Remains: Myth, History, and Polity in Belau。The Sacred Remains: Myth, History, and Polity in Belau。Chicago, IL。  new window
47.Radstone, S.(2000)。Working with Memory: An Introduction。Memory and Methodology。Oxford。  new window
48.Rappaport, J.(1990)。The Politics of Memory: Native Historical Interpretation in the Colombia Andes。The Politics of Memory: Native Historical Interpretation in the Colombia Andes。Cambridge。  new window
49.Rumsey, A.、Weiner, J. F.(2001)。Emplaced Myth: Space, Narrative, and Knowledge in Aboriginal Australia and Papua New Guinea。Honolulu, HI：University of Hawaii Press。  new window
50.Schutz, A.(1964)。Making Music Together: A Study in Social Relationship。Collected Papers, Vol.2: Studies in Social Theory。The Hague, Netherlands。  new window
51.Spyer, P.(2000)。The Memory of Trade: Modernity's Entaglement on and Eastern Indonesian Island。The Memory of Trade: Modernity's Entaglement on and Eastern Indonesian Island。Durham/ London, UK。  new window
52.Stewart, M.(1997)。The Time of the Gypsies。Oxford：Westview Press。  new window
53.Stoler, A. L.(2002)。Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power。Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power。Berkeley。  new window
54.Tonkin, E.(1992)。Narrating Our Past: The Social Construction of Oral History。Narrating Our Past: The Social Construction of Oral History。Cambridge。  new window
55.Toren, C.(1995)。Seeing the Ancestral Sites: Transformations in Fijian Notions of the Land。The Anthropology of Landscape。Oxford。  new window
56.Trouillot, M. R.(1995)。Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History。Boston, MA：Beacon Press。  new window
57.(1998)。Memory and the Postcolony: African Anthropology and the Critique of Power。Memory and the Postcolony: African Anthropology and the Critique of Power。London, UK/ New York, NY。  new window
其他
1.佐山融吉(1988)。蕃族調查報告書：武崙族前篇，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.馬淵東一(1984)。臺灣土著之移動及分布，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.淺野義雄(1988)。大關山蕃害事件始末（一－六），0。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.黃應貴(19990000)。時間、歷史與實踐：東埔社布農人的例子。時間、歷史與記憶。臺北：中央研究院民族學研究所。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Schotter, J.(1990)。The social construction of remembering and forgetting。Collective remembering。London, UK：Sage。  new window
3.Gow, Peter(1995)。Land, People, and Paper in western Amazonia。The Anthropology of Landscape: Perspectives on Place and Space。Oxford：Clarendon Press。  new window
4.Guha, Ranajit(1996)。The Small Voice of History。Subaltern Studies IX: Writings on South Asian History and Society。Delhi：Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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