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題名：歐洲沉船與明末傳華的西洋大砲
書刊名：中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊
作者：黃一農 引用關係
作者(外文)：Huang, Yi-long
出版日期：2004
卷期：75:3
頁次：頁573-634
主題關鍵詞：明末清初史；歐洲擴張史；軍事史；大砲；沉船；History of late ming and early Qing；History of European expansion；Military history；Great ordnance；Shipwreck
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(12) 博士論文(3) 專書(1) 專書論文(2)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:50
  • 點閱點閱:164
　　　　　天啟年間共有出自三艘歐洲沉船的四十二門西方大砲被分批解運至北京，而西洋火砲的操作與鑄造技術，因此成為近代東方大陸文明向西方海洋文明學習的第一課。此事雖只是當時歐洲海權擴張在世界各地所引發的一則小插曲，但卻在之後明清鼎革的戰爭中扮演著重要角色。然而，在相關的史學專著中，不僅對西洋火砲早期傳華的過程和影響未給予適當的比重，甚至常出現錯誤的陳述，也未見學者對這些船砲打撈的歷程有所著墨。 筆者因此嘗試重新疏理中國方面的文獻，並整合西方原始材料，再對照中國現存歐洲古砲的實物，希望能較細緻且正確地還原此一西方火砲東傳的事件。文中嘗試說明當十七世紀初葉歐洲國家在亞洲海域進行武力對抗的時代�堙A親天主教人士如何促使明廷自南方引進沿海的歐洲沉船大砲，以應付長城以北新興滿族的威脅，而此事的實踐又如何與晚明士人的社會網絡以及政局演變息息相關。筆者並將透過此一課題對中國史學界所面臨的挑戰與目前的學風有所反省與建議。
　　　　　During 1621-1627, 42 great ordnance from three European shipwrecks at the southern China coast were transported to Beijing. The casting and firing techniques became the first lesson China, as an Oriental continental country, had to learn from Occidental maritime countries. Although this is just a small episode in the contemporary European maritime expansion history, such new weapons played an important role at the battlefields during the Ming-Qing cataclysm. However, many researches in the related field did not give a proper weight to the process and the effect of the import of European guns, and incorrect statements are not difficult to find in them. Especially, no detailed study has been made on the salvage process of the guns. The author tried in this article to re-comb the Chinese and the Western literature to look for related materials. Efforts have also been made to study the extant 17th-century European guns in China. This article attempts to restore these historic events and to clarify how Christian literati and their friends push the Ming court to import European guns from the wrecks in order to deal with the menace of emerging Manchu regime. The article also reveals how the realization of this effort is strongly influenced by the social network and the political struggles of literati during the late Ming. The author further tries to discuss the situation our community of China history is facing in the new era through the experience of this study.
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103.Foster, W.(1967)。England's Quest of Eastern Trade。England's Quest of Eastern Trade。New York, NY。  new window
104.Mundy, P.(1919)。The Travels of Peter Mundy, 1608-1667。The Travels of Peter Mundy, 1608-1667。London, UK。  new window
105.(1972)。History of Japan, Compiled from the Records of the English East India Company at the Instance of the Court of Directors by Peter Pratt, 1822。History of Japan, Compiled from the Records of the English East India Company at the Instance of the Court of Directors by Peter Pratt, 1822。New York, NY。  new window
106.Pickford, N.(1994)。The Atlas of Ship Wrecks & Treasure。The Atlas of Ship Wrecks & Treasure。London, UK。  new window
107.Stewart, R. W.(1996)。The English Ordnance Office 1585-1625: A Case Study in Bureaucracy。The English Ordnance Office 1585-1625: A Case Study in Bureaucracy。Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK。  new window
108.Teesdale, E. B.(1991)。Gunfounding in the Weald in the Sixteenth Century。Gunfounding in the Weald in the Sixteenth Century。London, UK。  new window
109.文德泉(1982)。Macau no Sec. XVII。Macau no Sec. XVII。Macau。  new window
110.魏特(1933)。Johan Adam Schall von Bell S. J.: Missionar in China, Kaiserlicher Astronom und Ratgeber am Hofe von Peking, 1592-1666。Johan Adam Schall von Bell S. J.: Missionar in China, Kaiserlicher Astronom und Ratgeber am Hofe von Peking, 1592-1666。Köln, Germany。  new window
111.Wheatley, J.、Howarth, S.(2000)。Historic Sail: The Glory of the Sailing Ship from the 13th to the 19th Century。Historic Sail: The Glory of the Sailing Ship from the 13th to the 19th Century。London, UK。  new window
其他
1.（明）申時行，（明）李東陽。大明會典，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.李輔。全遼志，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.史樹駿。肇慶府志，北京。  延伸查詢new window
4.湯開建，吳青(2004)。萬曆四十八年紅夷船沉陽江始末考－兼談紅夷炮早期入華問題，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.郭美蘭(1984)。崇德七年奏事檔。清代檔案史料叢編。北京：中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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