一般來說，國家與社會的關係皆涉及統治的議題，當然就醫政關係來說，國家統治亦是一個重要的切入面向，諸如國家對醫學發展的主導、對醫療政策的介入，或甚至對醫師角色的控制等等均是。戰後台灣的醫政關係，在威權體制下存有特殊的呈現，亦即非涉及政治場域的醫療專業，因較少的國家力量之介入而有著自由放任之景象，然而若涉及政治場域的醫療議題，則國家力量的干預使極為強勢。因此，本文即以政治與醫療之間的「弱勢統治」和「強勢統治」兩方面，來論述戰後台灣的醫政關係，其間並包括對醫療政策、醫業實踐、及醫師角色的探討。

Generally, the relationship between state and society is an issue of governmental that can also apply to politics and medicine. The dimensions of state intervention include its direction to medical development through making medical policies and controlling physicians. In the postwar Taiwan, medicine and politics was a special present of authoritarian system in those days. The development of medicine and medical profession was up to the political concerns of the state, especially linking to its government in Taiwan's society. In order to illustrate the relationship between medicine and politics in the postwar Taiwan, the concept of weak government and strong government are applied to the discussions on medical policy, medical practice, and physicians' role.