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題名:「人治」與「法治」遭遇下的菁英角色及憲政發展--臺灣憲政運作之回顧及前瞻(1950~)
書刊名:臺灣民主季刊
作者:廖達琪 引用關係
作者(外文):Liao, Da-chi
出版日期:2005
卷期:2:3
頁次:頁33-54
主題關鍵詞:法治人治依法治理臺灣憲政發展Rule of lawRule of humanRule by lawTaiwanConstitutional development
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:209
  • 點閱點閱:44
本文試圖勾勒及回顧,我們人治傳承在與「法治」思想遭遇後,所發展出來政治體質的特質;並試圖在這個基礎上,進一步規劃推衍符合這人治文化基底,又能融入「法治」具象化後的現代民主憲政「制度」在台灣未來的憲政設計上,可能的理想樣貌。基於「人治」文化背景,本文認為台灣憲政發展歷程中,政治菁英,尤其是位居最高位者 (憲法中的總統一職),很難不成為強勢或獨一突顯的領導者,其領導角色的構成,在人治與法治遭遇後的思考文法中,通常含攝三項元素:引導、依法治理、仁心仁術。以這樣的角色構成來回溯台灣自1950年以來的憲政發展歷程,一些重大的轉折似能得到較合理及豐富的詮釋。再依這樣的領導者角色構成特質,本文提出台灣未來理想的憲政規劃應是更傾向總統制,也就是行政權應更集中於總統,國會應有兩院,且具備更強的政策監督能力,而選舉制度則是德國式的單一選區兩票制,更能讓總統扮演超越各政治勢力,愛最多數人民之角色。
This article attempts to describe and review how the characteristics of Taiwan's political regime would have been formed since it has not only been inherited a tradition of the rule of human, but also been encountered the modern democratic requirement of the rule of law. Furthermore, this article also tries to analyze the ideal configuration of Taiwanese constitutional design based upon the plausible hybrid system between rule of law and rule of human. In accordance with rule of human's cultural background, this paper considers that political leaders, especially those who occupy the highest position in the Constitution such as the President, should easily fall into the strongman category. This paper therefore proposes that the composition of leadership under Taiwan's hybrid context should embody three elements: authoritativeness, rule by law and benevolence both at heart and as a strategy. This paper then reviews the history of Taiwan's constitutional development since 1950 based upon this theoretical construct of leadership, and finds that it indeed is able to enrich our understanding of several critical moments in this historical process. This paper then suggests that the element of "benevolence" should be included in the design of the constitutional system, which implies that the "semi-presidential system" will lead to a "presidential system" while taking into account how to avoid the role of president falling into a didactic struggle. The relevant design includes a bicameral system and a single­member district with a two-vote electoral system. This paper eventually expects that this kind of design may be able to utilize the "benevolence" in leaders which causes them to be above all kinds of political struggles, and to deliver benefits to the people as many as possible.
期刊論文
1.杜維明(2005)。儒家人文精神的核心價值。明報月刊,40(6),67-70。  延伸查詢new window
2.廖達琪(20001200)。Does Culture Matter?- A Study of Democratic Values of Local Elites in the Four East Asian Systems: Mainland China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan。中山人文社會科學期刊,8(2)=19,157-204。  new window
3.Liao, Dachi(1998)。Leadership Conceptions of Local Elites Across the Taiwan Strait: A Cultural Analysis。Chinese Political Science Review,30,43-92。  new window
4.Hall, Peter A.、Taylor, Rosemary C. R.(1996)。Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms。Political Studies,44(5),936-957。  new window
會議論文
1.廖達琪(2004)。「人」與「制」結合的國家體制--一個歷史制度途徑的推演。臺灣國家認同研討會,(會議日期: 12月19日)。臺北:國家展望文教基金會。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.廖達琪(2002)。民主與地方統治:第二波臺灣地方菁英之研究。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.黃光國(1991)。王者之道。臺北市:臺灣學生書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.馬西屏(2002)。誰識馬英九。臺北:天下文化書坊。  延伸查詢new window
3.謝瑞智(2000)。憲法新論。臺北:正中書局。  延伸查詢new window
4.正中書局、李登輝(1998)。傾聽人民的聲音:李登輝總統十年建樹,破舊立新。臺北:正中書局。  延伸查詢new window
5.王業立(1997)。比較選舉制度。臺北:五南。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.李煥(2003)。點滴在心頭。臺北:幼獅文化。  延伸查詢new window
7.Keith, Ronald C.(1994)。China's Struggle for the Rule of Law。London:Macmillan Press Ltd。  new window
8.葉維銓(1999)。地方政府組織調整之研究--臺灣省政府組織調整之經驗。臺北:行政院研考會綜計處。  延伸查詢new window
9.Chao, Linda、Myers, Ramon H.(1998)。The First Chinese Democracy。Baltimore:Johns HopKins Dniversity Press。  new window
10.Geertz, Clifford(1973)。The interpretation of cultures。New York:Harper & Row。  new window
11.李登輝、國史館李登輝口述歷史小組(2004)。見證臺灣:蔣經國總統與我。臺北:允晨文化。  延伸查詢new window
12.Hayek, F. A.(1960)。The Constitution of Liberty。London:Routledge & Kegan Paul。  new window
13.蕭公權(1982)。中國政治思想史。臺北:中國文化大學出版部。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.王震邦(19831226)。憲政體制下的苦行僧。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Liao, Da-chi(1997)。Taiwan's Legislature。World Encyclopedia of Parliaments and Legislatures。Washington, D.C:Congressional Quarterly。  new window
2.Wildavsky, Aaron(1989)。A Cultural Theory of Leadership。Leadership and Politics。Lawrence, KN:University Press of Kansas。  new window
3.王震邦。憲政體制下的苦行僧。嚴前總統家淦先生哀思錄。臺北:新聞局。  延伸查詢new window
4.李鴻禧(2000)。法治觀念之異質移植繼受--法治史底畫稿。邁向公與義的社會(上):對二十一世紀台灣永續經營的主張。臺北:時報出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.廖達琪、許家豪(2002)。總統擴權現象的探討--一個中西「法治」思想比較的觀點。憲政法制與總統權力。臺北:國家政策研究基金會。  延伸查詢new window
6.顏厥安(2000)。規範、制度與行動。政治制度。臺北:中研院人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
7.陳敦源(2000)。領導在憲政選擇過程中的穩定功能。政治制度。臺北:中研院人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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