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題名：憲政體制、選舉制度、選舉時程與政府型態--臺灣的個案分析
書刊名：臺灣民主季刊
作者：蘇子喬 引用關係
作者(外文)：Su, Tzu-chiao
出版日期：2020
卷期：17:1
頁次：頁45-82
主題關鍵詞：憲政體制；選舉制度；選舉時程；政黨體系；政府型態；Constitutional system；Electoral system；Election timing；Party system；Government type
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:291
  • 點閱點閱:8
本文以憲政體制、選舉制度（包括總統選制與國會選制）、選舉時程等變項所構成的分析架構，探討我國的憲政運作。2008年之前，我國國會選制為SNTV，總統選制為相對多數制，選舉時程為期中選舉，這三項制度因素將我國國會政黨體系塑造為兩大陣營的多黨制；SNTV的國會選制則將我國當時定位未明的半總統制確立為總統議會制；而在總統議會制與兩大陣營多黨制相互組合，以及期中選舉的影響下，政府型態遂形成「分立政府／少數內閣」。2008年之後，我國國會選制改為並立制，總統選制仍維持相對多數制，選舉期程改為反蜜月期與同時選舉，這三項制度因素將我國國會政黨體系塑造為兩黨制；而在總統議會制與兩黨制相互組合，以及反蜜月期／同時選舉的影響下，我國遂形成「一致政府／一黨內閣」的政府型態。若要建構我國憲政體制、選舉制度與選舉時程更為妥適的制度組合，本文認為，就國會選制而言，我國目前的並立制應該維持，但應提高比例代表制部分的席次比例，並降低政黨門檻；就總統選制而言，應考慮將我國目前採行的相對多數制改為兩輪決選制；就選舉時程而言，我國目前總統與國會同時選舉的安排應該維持，但應進一步將總統與國會調整為同時上任；就憲政體制而言，則應考慮將我國目前的總統議會制調整為總理總統制。
In this paper, the analytical framework constituted by the constitutional system, electoral system, and election timing is used to explore Taiwan's constitutional operations. Before 2008, Taiwan's parliamentary electoral system was SNTV, the presidential electoral system was plurality system, and the election timing was midterm election. These three institutional factors changed Taiwan's parliamentary party system into a multi-party system with two-distinct coalition. The SNTV transformed the constitutional system from vague semi-presidential system back then into presidential parliamentary system. Meanwhile, with the combination of president-parliamentary system and multi-party system with two-distinct coalition, as well as the influence of the midterm elections, the divided government/minority cabinet was formed. After 2008, Taiwan's parliamentary electoral system was changed to the mixed-member majoritarian system, the presidential electoral system was still plurality system, and the election timing changed into counter-honeymoon and simultaneous elections. These three factors have transformed Taiwan's parliamentary party system into a two-party system. With the combination of presidential parliamentarism and two-party system, as well as the influence of the counter-honeymoon and simultaneous elections, the consistent government/one-party cabinet has been formed. To construct a more appropriate institutional combination of Taiwan's constitutional system, electoral system, and election timing, this paper deems it necessary to maintain Taiwan's current mixed-member majoritarian system, but the proportion of seats in the proportional representation should be increased, while the party threshold should be lowered. As far as the presidential electoral system is concerned, changing Taiwan's current plurality system into majority system may be considered. Concerning the election timing, the simultaneous election should be maintained, but the president and the parliament should also take office simultaneously. With regard to the constitutional system, it's necessary to transform Taiwan's current presidential parliamentarism into premier-presidentialism.
期刊論文
1.Campbell, James E.(1986)。Predicting Seat Gains from Presidential Coattails。American Journal of Political Sciences，30(1)，165-183。  new window
2.謝復生、Niemi, Richard G.(1999)。Can Duverger's Law Be Extended to SNTV? The Case of Taiwan's Legislative Yuan Elections。Electoral Studies，18(1)，101-116。  new window
3.郝培芝(20140600)。蜜月期選舉時程與衣尾效應：法國半總統制下總統與國會選舉之分析。東吳政治學報，32(2)，1-64。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Jones, Mark P.(1994)。Presidential Electoral Laws and Multipartism in Latin America。Political Research Quarterly，47(1)，41-57。  new window
5.Calvert, Randall L.、Ferejohn, John A.(1983)。Coattail Voting in Recent Presidential Elections。American Political Science Review，77(2)，407-419。  new window
6.Riker, William H.(1982)。The Two-Party System and Duverger's Law: An Essay on the History of Political Science。American Political Science Review，76(4)，753-766。  new window
7.吳文程(20010300)。Duverger's Hypothesis Revisited。東吳政治學報，12，41-73。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.田弘華、劉義周(20050600)。政黨合作與杜瓦傑法則：連宋配、國親合的賽局分析。臺灣政治學刊，9(1)，3-37。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Shugart, Matthew Soberg(1995)。The Electoral Cycle and Institutional Sources of Divided Presidential Government。American Political Science Review，89(2)，327-343。  new window
10.Cox, Gary W.、Rosenbluth, Frances McCall(1993)。The Electoral Fortunes of Legislative Factions in Japan。American Political Science Review，87(3)，577-589。  new window
11.陳宏銘、蔡榮祥(20080600)。選舉時程對政府組成型態的牽引力：半總統制經驗之探討。東吳政治學報，26(2)，117-180。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Elgie, Robert(20071200)。Varieties of Semi-Presidentialism and Their Impact on Nascent Democracies。Taiwan Journal of Democracy，3(2)，53-71。new window  new window
13.Colomer, Josep M.(2005)。It's Parties That Choose Electoral Systems (or, Duverger's Laws Upside Down)。Political Studies，53(1)，1-21。  new window
14.Neto, Octavio Amorim、Cox, Gary W.(1997)。Electoral Institutions, Cleavage Structures, and the Number of Parties。American Journal of Political Science，41(1)，149-174。  new window
15.蘇子喬、王業立(20141200)。總統與國會選舉制度對半總統制憲政運作的影響--法國與臺灣的比較。政治科學論叢，62，35-78。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.Nicholson, Stephen P.、Segura, Gary M.(1999)。Midterm Elections and Divided Government: An Information-Driven Theory of Electoral Volatility。Political Research Quarterly，52(3)，609-629。  new window
17.Laakso, Markku、Taagepera, Rein(1979)。'Effective' Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe。Comparative Political Studies，12(1)，3-27。  new window
18.蘇子喬、王業立(20180500)。選舉制度與憲政體制的制度組合：半總統制民主國家的跨國分析。選舉研究，25(1)，1-36。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.蘇子喬(20180600)。選舉制度及時程對政黨體系與政府型態的影響：總統制與半總統制國家的跨國分析。政治學報，65，37-80。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.Mainwaring, Scott(1993)。Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy: The Difficult Combination。Comparative Political Studies，26(2)，198-228。  new window
會議論文
1.呂炳寬(2014)。我國與法國選舉時程之比較研究。第五屆半總統制與民主國際學術研討會，(會議日期: 5月17日)。高雄：中山大學政治學研究所：中央研究院政治學研究所：珠海學院亞洲研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Epstein, Leon D.(1967)。Political Parties in Western Democracies。New York：Praeger。  new window
2.Duverger, Maurice(1954)。Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State。London：Methuen。  new window
3.Rae, Douglas W.(1971)。The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws。New Haven, Connecticut：Yale University Press。  new window
4.王業立(2016)。比較選舉制度。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Shugart, Matthew Søberg、Carey, John M.(1992)。Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics。Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.王業立、蘇子喬、石鵬翔(20180000)。臺、日、韓憲政體制與選舉制度。臺北：五南。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.謝復生(19920000)。政黨比例代表制。臺北：理論與政策雜誌。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Sartori, Giovanni(1997)。Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structure, Incentives and Outcomes。New York：Macmillan Press。  new window
9.Cox, Gary W.(1997)。Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems。Cambridge University Press。  new window
其他
1.(2019)。Rulers by Countries and Territories，http://rulers.org/。  new window
2.(2019)。Presidents and Leaders of the World，https://www.worldpresidentsdb.com/。  new window
3.(2019)。Nations and Territories，http://www.worldstatesmen.org/。  new window
4.(2018)。Freedom in the World 2018，https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018。  new window
圖書論文
1.Duverger, Maurice(1986)。Duverger's Law: Forty Years Later。Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences。New York：Agathon Press, Inc.。  new window
2.游清鑫(2016)。選舉、選舉制度與投票行為。政治學。台北：五南。  延伸查詢new window
3.Moestrup, Sophia(2007)。Semi-presidentialism in Young Democracies: Help and Hindrance?。Semi-presidentialism Outside Europe。London：Routledge。  new window
4.蔡佳泓、王鼎銘、林超琦(2008)。選制變遷對政黨體系之影響評估：變異量結構模型之探討。如何評估選制變遷：方法論的探討。台北：五南。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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