傳統保育地劃設方式雖有維護生物多樣性之積極目的，但往往也因此剝奪原居住地居民的生存權利，而導致環境之不正義。就此而言，保育地的劃設似為雙面刃，一方面雖名為達成生物多樣性的重要手段，但另一方面卻可能成為破壞環境正義的權力工具。因此，保育地應以何種方式、制度來劃設與運作，以兼顧生物多樣性之維護並保障當地居民的權益，乃成為當前保育地利用管理的重要課題。本研究透過文獻回顧來檢視生物多樣性與環境正義之內涵，並企圖在此二者看似對立的觀點中，尋求其相互融合的共通原則，並依此原則作為達娜伊谷自然生態公園實際案例研究的評估準則。本研究認為，生物多樣性與環境正義之達成，乃為典範移轉的過程，藉由賦權促成權力分享，透過學習達成人與自然共生，這不僅是保育地有效利用管理的必要基礎，亦為人類邁向永續發展的必經之途。本研究經由山美鄒族所創造出的達娜伊谷經驗整理出二個重要的啟示：「人類／自然關係的典範移轉」及「賦權與學習的社區參與」，並提出「監測與評估」、「參與式管理」、及「適性發展」三個操作策略，作為環境正義與生物多樣性共生的切入點。

Although the designation of traditional protection areas has an aggressive purpose of protecting biodiversity, it often deprives the rights of living of aboriginal peoples and results in environmental injustice. In this regard, the designation of protection areas is a double-sided sword. On the one hand, it is an important tool for achieving biodiversity; on the other, it has become a powerful tool of damaging environmental justice. Therefore, what kinds of approaches and mechanism should be adopted to designate protection areas and to preserve biodiversity has become one of the major issues regarding the management of protection areas. This study uses literature review to examine the context of biodiversity and environmental justice and attempts to search for common principles in these two seemingly contradictory perspectives. Further, this study adopts these principles to evaluate the Tanayiku, Chiayi County. The accomplishment of biodiversity and environmental justice is a process of paradigm shift. Moreover, by adopting empowerment to help implement the sharing of powers and by learning processes to achieve symbiosis of human and the nature are necessary foundations for effectively managing protection areas and the necessary requirement for achieving sustainable development. From the Tanayiku experience, this study proposes two important apocalypses: paradigm shift and empowerment. Based on these two apocalypses, three operational strategies are suggested: monitoring and evaluation, participatory management, and appropriate development.