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題名：人脈與新聞採集：從社會資本與組織衝突觀點檢視記者如何建立與消息來源之間的關係
書刊名：中華傳播學刊
作者：羅玉潔／張錦華 引用關係
作者(外文)：Lo, Yuchieh／Chang, Chinhwa
出版日期：2006
卷期：10
頁次：頁195-231
主題關鍵詞：社會資本；社會網絡；組織衝突；記者；消息來源；Reporter；Journalist；News source；Social network；Social capital；Intra-organizational conflict
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:6
  • 共同引用共同引用:152
  • 點閱點閱:142
本論文的問題意識是新聞記者基於倫理考量往往被要求與新聞來源保持一定距離，主要是因為新聞來源常被質疑會採取公關策略來操縱媒體。但是另一方面，新聞記者的工作核心必須建立「人脈」，主動深入採訪，才能發掘真相與監督濫權行為。但新聞記者要如何建立有價值的人脈網絡，並避免造成倫理爭議，則缺乏較深入的理論分析觀點。本文借用組織研究中組織內部衝突的理論觀點，並整合社會網絡的核心概念為理論架構，訪談十位資深或受同業肯定的財經記者後發現，「消息來源」其實是一個複數的多元概念，而不是單一階層；而且，組織中不同位置的「代理人」利益並不相同，記者因而擁有相當的主動性，可藉由佈線的多元深入，以及建立信任的互動關係，來建立具有新聞價值的人脈網路，並避免受到單一強勢新聞來源的操控。以上發現不但對傳統新聞傳播學對兩者關係的觀點提供新的反思，亦作為實務工作者可行的策略性建議。
This paper employs social network, social capital and intra-organizational conflict perspectives to examine an important topic in mass communication field: the relationship between journalists and their news sources. The major findings are: (1) In a hierarchical organization, middle-level employees or managers, rather than top executives or official speak persons, are most likely to be journalists' main sources. (2) Strong ties between reporters and sources can facilitate the information flow and help the former get inside news. (3) Reporters themselves can be "bridges", providing valuable information for their sources and hence enhancing their status. (4) Personal ties between reporters and their sources do not necessarily do harm to journalists' professional ethics; on the contrary, these linkages may be critical to freedom of press. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
期刊論文
1.Clemens, Elisabeth S.、Cook, James M.(1999)。Politics and Institutionalism: Explaining Durability and Change。Annual Review of Sociology，25(1)，441-466。  new window
2.Berkowitz, Dan、Adams, Douglas B.(1990)。Information Subsidy and Agenda-building in Local Television News。Journalism Quarterly，67(4)，723-731。  new window
3.Thompson, V. A.(1961)。Hierarchy, Specialization, and Organizational Conflict。Administrative Science Quarterly，5(4)，485-521。  new window
4.Ashforth, B. E.、Mael, F. A.(1989)。Social Identity Theory & The Organization。Academy of Management Review，14(1)，20-39。  new window
5.Davison, W. P.(1975)。Diplomatic reporting: Rules of the game。Journal of Communication，25(4)，138-146。  new window
6.羅文輝(19950100)。新聞記者選擇消息來源的偏向。新聞學研究，50，1-13。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Bian, Yanjie(1997)。Bringing strong ties back in: Indirect ties, network bridges, and job searches in China。American Sociological Review，62(3)，366-385。  new window
8.Eisenhardt, Kathleen M.(1989)。Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review。The Academy of Management Review，14(1)，57-74。  new window
9.Granovetter, Mark S.(1973)。The Strength of Weak Ties。American Journal of Sociology，78(6)，1360-1380。  new window
10.Hambrick, D. C.、Cho, T. S.、Chen, Ming-Jer(1996)。The Influence of Top Management Team Heterogeneity on Firms' Competitive Moves。Administrative Science Quarterly，41，659-684。  new window
11.Hambrick, Donald C.、Mason, Phyllis A.(1984)。Upper Echelons: The Organization as a Reflection of Its Top Managers。Academy of Management Review，9(2)，193-206。  new window
12.Selznick, P.(1948)。Foundations of the Theory of Organization。American Sociological Review，13，25-35。  new window
13.Lo, V. H.、Cheng, J. C.、Lee, C. C.(1994)。Television News Is Government News in Taiwan: Patterns of Television News Sources Selection and Presentation。Asian Journal of Communication，4(1)，99-110。  new window
14.Selznick, P.(1943)。An Approach to a Theory of Bureaucracy。American Sociological Review，8，47-54。  new window
15.Peterson, T.(1993)。The Economics of Organization: The Principal-agent Relationship。Acta Sociologica，36(3)，277-293。  new window
16.Sachsman, D. B.(1976)。Public Relations Influence on Coverage of Environment in San Francisco Area。Journalism Quarterly，53(1)，54-60。  new window
17.Walters, L. M.、Walters, F. N.(1992)。Environment of Confidence: Daily Newspaper Use of Press Release。Public Research Review，18(1)，31-46。  new window
18.Wolfsfeld, G.(1991)。Media, Protest, and Political Violence。Journalism Monographs，127，9-36。  new window
會議論文
1.喻靖媛、臧國仁(1995)。記者及消息來源互動關係與新聞處理方式之關聯。臺北市。201-236。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.羅文輝、鄭瑞城(1988)。電視新聞消息來源人物之背景與呈現方式之研究。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.劉蕙苓(1989)。報紙消息來源人物之背景與被處理方式之分析，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.臺錦屏(1992)。政府發布的新聞稿與新聞報導相關性研究：以行政院新聞局、臺北市政府新聞處發佈的新聞稿為例，0。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Clegg, Stewart(1979)。The Theory of Power and Organization。London：Routledge & Kegan Paul。  new window
2.Spitzer, R. J.(1993)。Media and Public Policy。Praeger。  new window
3.Granovetter, Mark S.(1974)。Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
4.Manning, P.(2001)。News and News Sources: A Critical Introduction。Sage Publications。  new window
5.Rahim, A. M.(2000)。Managing Conflict in Organizations。Managing Conflict in Organizations。Westport, CT：Greenwood Publishing Group。  new window
6.Hall, Stuart、Critcher, Chas、Jefferson, Tony、Clarke, John N.、Roberts, Brian(1978)。Policing the crisis: Mugging, the state and law and order。Macmillan。  new window
7.Sigal, Leon V.(1973)。Reporters and Officials: The Organization and Politics of Newsmaking。D. C. Heath and Co。  new window
8.Goff, C. F.(1989)。The Publicity Process。Ames, IW：Iowa State University。  new window
9.Shoemaker, Pamela J.、Reese, Stephen D.(1991)。Mediating the Message: Theories of Influence on Mass Media Content。New York, NY：Longman。  new window
10.Cook, T. E.(1989)。Making laws and making news: Media strategies in the U.S. House of Representation。Washington, DC：The Brookings Institute。  new window
11.Burt, Ronald S.(1992)。Structural Holes. Cambridge。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
12.Gans, Herbert J.(1979)。Deciding What's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time。New York, NY：Pantheon Books。  new window
13.林南(2001)。Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action。Cambridge University Press。  new window
14.March, James G.、Simon, Herbert A.(1958)。Organizations。John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。  new window
15.臧國仁(19990000)。新聞媒體與消息來源：媒介框架與真實建構之論述。臺北：三民書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.Clemens, E.(1997)。The People's Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890-1925。The People's Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890-1925。Chicago, IL。  new window
17.Clegg, S. R.、Dunkerley, D.(1977)。Critical Issues in Organizations。Critical Issues in Organizations。London, UK。  new window
18.Granovetter, M.(1995)。Afterword 1994: Reconsiderations and a New Agenda。Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers。Chicago, IL。  new window
圖書論文
1.Burt, Ronald S.(2000)。The Network Structure of Social Capital。Research in Organizational Behavior。London。  new window
2.Burt, Ronald S.(2002)。The Social Capital of Structural Holes。The New Economic Sociology: Developments in an Emerging Field。New York：Russell Sage Foundation。  new window
3.Arrow, K. J.(1985)。The Economics of Agency。Principals and Agents: The Structure of Business。Boston, MA：Cambridge, MA：Harvard Business School Press。  new window
4.Lin, Nan(1982)。Social Resources and Instrumental Action。Social Structure and Network Analysis。Beverly Hills, CA：Sage。  new window
5.Friedland, Roger、Alford, Robert R.(1991)。Bringing Society Back In: Symbols, Practices, and Institutional Contradictions。The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis。University of Chicago Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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