| 期刊論文| 1. | Chang, E. C.、D'Zurilla, T. J.、Maydeu-Olivares, A.(1994)。Assessing the Dimensionality of Optimism and Pessimism Using a Multimeasure Approach。Cognitive Therapy and Research，18(2)，143-160。   | | 2. | Dember, W. N.、Martin, S. H.、Hummer, M. K.、Howe, S. R.、Melton, R. S.(1989)。The measurement of optimism and pessimism。Current Psychology: Research & Reviews，8(2)，102-119。 | | 3. | Hervig, Linda K.、Wortman, Camille B.、Kusulas, Jeffrey W.、Marshall, Grant N.、Vickers, Ross R. Jr.(1992)。Distinguishing Optimism from Pessimism: Relations to Fundamental Dimensions of Mood and Personality。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，62(6)，1067-1074。 | | 4. | Hilsman, Ruth、Garber, Judy(1995)。A test of the cognitive diathesis-stress model of depression in children: Academic stressors, attributional style, perceived competence, and control。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，69(2)，370-380。 | | 5. | Olason, D. T.、Roger, D.(2001)。Optimism, pessimism and "fighting spirit ": A new approach to assessing expectancy and adaptation。Personality and Individual Differences，31(5)，755-768。 | | 6. | Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.(1992)。Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update。Cognitive Therapy and Research，16(2)，201-228。 | | 7. | Peterson, Christopher、De Avila, M. E.(1995)。Optimistic explanatory style and the perception of health problems。Journal of Clinical Psychology，51(1)，128-132。 | | 8. | Taylor, S.、Armor, D.(1996)。Positive illusions and coping with adversity。Journal of Personality，64，873-898。 | | 9. | Weinstein, N.(1980)。Unrealistic Optimism about Future Life Events。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，39(5)，806-820。 | | 10. | Hull, J. G.、Mendolia, M.(1991)。Modeling the relations of attributional style, expectancies, and depression。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，61(1)，85-97。 | | 11. | Seligman, Martin E. P.、Abramson, Lyn Y.、Semmel, Amy、von Baeyer, Carl(1979)。Depressive Attributional Style。Journal of Abnormal Psychology，88(3)，242-247。 | | 12. | Peterson, C.(2000)。The future of optimism。American Psychologist，55(1)，44-55。 | | 13. | Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.(1985)。Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies。Health Psychology，4(3)，219-247。 | | 14. | Schwarzer, R.(1994)。Optimism, vulnerability, and self-beliefs as health-related cognitions: A systematic overview。Psychology & Health，9(3)，161-180。 | | 15. | Bagozzi, Richard P.、Yi, Youjae(1988)。On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models。Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science，16(1)，74-94。 | | 16. | Kleijn, W. C.、Ploeg, H. M.、Mook, J.、Henk, M.(1992)。Positively and negatively worded items in a self-report measure of dispositional optimism。Psychological Reports，71，275-278。 | | 17. | Sydney, E.、Hadley, W.、Allen, D. N.、Palmer, S.、Klosky, J.、Deptula, D.、Thomas, J.、Cohen, R.(2005)。A New Measure of Children's Optimism and Pessimism: The Youth Life Orientation Test。Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry，46，548-558。 | | 18. | Shnek, Z. M.、Foley, F. W.、LaRocca, N. G.、Smith, C. R.、Halper, J.(1995)。Psychological Predictors of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis。Journal of Neurologic Rehabilitation，9，15-23。 | | 19. | Riskind, J. H.、Sarampote, C. S.、Mercier, M. A.(1996)。For Every Malady a Sovereign Cure: Optimism Training。Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly，10，105-117。 | | 20. | Hummer, M. K.、Dember, W. N.、Melton, R. S.、Schefft, B. K.(1992)。On the Partial Independence of Optimism and Pessimism。Current Psychology，11，37-51。 | | 21. | McConnell, A. R.、Bill, C. M.、Dember, W. N.、Grasha, A. F.(1993)。Personality through Metaphor: Optimism, Pessimism, Locus of Control, and Sensation Seeking。Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning Personality anti Social，12，195-215。 | | 22. | Mroczek, D. K.、Spiro, A.、Aldwin, C. M.、Ozer, D. J.、Boss'e, R.、Spiro, A., III、Bossé, R.(1993)。Construct Validation of Optimism and Pessimism in Older Men: Findings from the Normative Ageing Study。Health Psychology，12，406-409。 | | 23. | Schiaffino, K. M.、Revenson, T. A.(1992)。The Role of Perceived Self-efficacy, Perceived Control, and Causal Attributions in Adaptation to Rheumatoid Arthritis: Distinguishing Mediator from Moderator Effects。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，18，709-718。 | | 24. | Boland, A.、Cappeliez, D.(1997)。Optimism and Neuroticism as Predictors of Coping and Adaptation in Older Woman。Personality and Individual Differences，22，909-919。 | | 25. | Titzmann, P. F.、Roger, D.、Olason, D. T.、Greco, V.(2004)。A New Approach to Assessing Optimism: The Development of a German Version of the Positive and Negative Expectancies Questionnaire (PANEQ-G)。Current Psychology，23，97-110。 | | 26. | Dember, W. N.、Brooks, J.(1989)。A New Instrument for Measuring Optimism and Pessimism: Test-retest Reliability and Relations with Happiness and Religious Commitment。Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society，27，365-366。 | | 27. | Jaycox, L. H.、Reiovitch, K. J.、Gillham, J.、Seligman, M. E. P.(1994)。Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in School Children。Behavioral Research and Therapy，32，801-816。 | | 28. | Smith, T. W.、Pope, M. K.、Rhodewalt, F.、Poulton, J. L.(1989)。Optimism, Neuroticism, Coping, and Symptom Reports: An Alternative Interpretation of the Life Orientation Test。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，56，640-648。 | | 29. | Goodman, E.、Chesney, M. A.、Tipton, A. C.(1995)。Relationship of Optimism, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs to Use of HIV Antibody Testing by At-risk Female Adolescents。Psychosomatic Medicine，57，541-546。 | | 30. | Hjelle, L.、Belongia, C.、Nesser, J.(1996)。Psychometric Properties of the Life Orientation Test and Attributional Style Questionnaire。Psychological Reports，78，507-515。 | | 31. | Neverlien, P. O.、Backer, J. T.(1991)。Optimism-pessimism Dimension and Dental Anxiety in Children Aged 10-12 Years。Community Dental Oral Epidemiology，19，342-346。 | | 32. | Segerstrom, S. C.(2001)。Optimism and Attentional Bias for Negative and Positive Stimuli。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，27(10)，1334-1343。 | | 33. | Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.、Bridges, M. W.(1994)。Distinguishing Optimism from Neuroticism (and Trait Anxiety, Self-mastery, and Self-esteem): A Revolution of the Life Orientation Test。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，67，1063-1078。 | 會議論文| 1. | Fresco, D. M.、Craighead, L. W.、Sampson, W. S.、Watt, N. M.、Favell, H. E.、Presenell, K. E.(1995)。The Effects of Self-administered "Optimism Training" on Attributional Style, Levels of Depression, and Health Symptoms of Pessimistic College Students。0。 | | 2. | Fresco, D. M.、Sampson, W. S.、Craighead, L. W.、Clark, J.、Enns, C.(1995)。Self-administered Optimism Training: The Process of Lessening the Impact of Pessimistic Explanatory Style。0。 | 學位論文| 1. | 林登松(2003)。受傷柔道選手之悲樂觀傾向與受傷程度對心情反應及因應行為的影響(碩士論文)。國立體育學院。 延伸查詢 | | 2. | 何家齊(1998)。大學生的樂觀傾向、壓力因應方式與生活適應的相關研究(碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學，彰化。 延伸查詢 | | 3. | 丁明潔(2003)。國中生樂觀／悲觀傾向、課業壓力評估、課業壓力因應方式與學校生活適應之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。 延伸查詢 | | 4. | 常雅珍(2004)。激發心靈潛能--以正向心理學內涵建構情意教育課程之研究(博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。 延伸查詢 | | 5. | 李澄賢(2004)。大學生的情緒調節、調節焦點、樂觀與創造力之關係(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。 延伸查詢 | | 6. | Kamen, L. P.(1989)。Learned Helplessness, Cognitive Dissonance, and Cell-mediated Immunity，Philadelphia, PA。 | 圖書| 1. | Seligman, Martin E. P.(1991)。Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life。Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.。 | | 2. | Crowther, Jonathan(1995)。Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English。Oxford University Press。 | | 3. | Jöreskog, Karl G.、Sörbom, Dag、Jorerskog, K. G.、Sorbom, D.(2001)。LISREL 8: New statistical features。Lincolnwood, IL：Scientific Software International。 | | 4. | Seligman, M. E. P.、Reivich, K. J.、Jaycox, L. H.、Gillham, J.(1995)。The Optimistic Child。Houghton Mifflin。 | | 5. | 遲嘯川、趙錫如(2001)。辭海。台北：華文網新閱書社。 延伸查詢 | | 6. | Hair, J. F.、Anderson, R. E.、Tatham, R. L.、Black, W. C.(1995)。Multivariate data analysis with readings。Upper Saddler River, NJ：Prentice-Hall。 | | 7. | Kline, R. B.(1998)。Principle and practice of structural equation modeling。New York, NY：Guilford Press。 | | 8. | Pretzer, J. L.、Walsh, C. A.(2003)。Optimism, Pessimism, and Psychotherapy: Implications for Clinical Practice。Optimism and Pessimism: Implication for Theory, Research, and Practice。Washington, DC。 | | 9. | Carver, C. S.、Scheier, M.(2003)。Optimism。Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures。Washington, DC。 | | 10. | Gillham, J. E.、Shatté, A. J.、Reivich, K. J.、Seligman, M. E. P.(2002)。Optimism, Pessimism, and Explanatory Style。Optimism and Pessimism: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice。Washington, DC。 | | 11. | Chang, E. C.(1998)。Distinguishing between Optimism and Pessimism: A Second Look at the "Optimism-pessimism Hypothesis"。Viewing Psychology as a Whole: The Integrative Science of William N. Dember。Washington, DC。 | 其他| 1. | 吳靜吉(1991)。樂觀量表簡介，0。 延伸查詢 | 圖書論文| 1. | Bandura, A.(1988)。Self-regulation of motivation and action through goal systems。Cognitive perspectives on emotion and motivation。New York：Springer。 | |
| |