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題名：樂觀訓練課程對國小高年級學童樂觀信念之影響研究
書刊名：師大學報. 教育類
作者：吳相儀／陳學志 引用關係／邱發忠 引用關係／徐芝君／許禕芳
作者(外文)：Wu, Hsiang-yi／Chen, Hsueh-chih／Chiu, Fa-chung／Hsu, Chih-chun／Hsu, Yi-fang
出版日期：2008
卷期：53:2
頁次：頁193-221
主題關鍵詞：悲觀；樂觀；樂觀訓練課程；Pessimism；Optimism；Optimism training program
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(6) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:73
  • 點閱點閱:106
本研究是以正向心理學預防角度，深入探討樂觀的定義及理論，並設計一套適合國小高年級學童之樂觀訓練課程，探討課程對學生樂觀與悲觀信念的立即及追蹤效果。以新竹市某國小五年級學生為研究對象，兩班為實驗組共62 人，兩班為控制組共58 人，實驗組進行為期六週，每週二節課（80 分鐘）的實驗課程處理，控制組則未接受任何實驗課程處理。評量工具為「兒童樂觀-悲觀雙因子量表」，同時並分析「單元回饋表」、「課程總回饋表」做為輔佐資料。結果發現：一、課程如預期能立即並持續提升學生的樂觀信念，但對於悲觀信念未有立即及持續減少的效果。二、課程教學符合學生學習需求。研究者歸納研究結果提出未來在教育、輔導及研究上的建議。
The purposes of this study were to design an optimism training program for 5th grade students and to investigate its immediate and long-term effects on students' optimistic and pessimistic thinking. There were a total of 120 students from an elementary school in Hsin-Chu who participated in this study, of whom 62 were assigned to the experimental group and 58 to the control group. Students in the experimental group went through the 8-hour optimism training program for 6 weeks, 80 minutes per week, while those in the control group didn't experience any experimental training. The results indicated that this 6-week optimism training program elevated students' optimism immediately and continuously, but had no effect on their pessimism. According to the "feedback questionnaires" from which we derived our qualitative data, students in the experimental group took a positive attitude toward the training. They not only were satisfied with every unit of the course but also enjoyed the whole course. They considered it helpful to them and believed that it had really changed them, cognitively and affectively.
期刊論文
1.Chang, E. C.、D'Zurilla, T. J.、Maydeu-Olivares, A.(1994)。Assessing the Dimensionality of Optimism and Pessimism Using a Multimeasure Approach。Cognitive Therapy and Research，18(2)，143-160。  new window
2.Dember, W. N.、Martin, S. H.、Hummer, M. K.、Howe, S. R.、Melton, R. S.(1989)。The measurement of optimism and pessimism。Current Psychology: Research & Reviews，8(2)，102-119。  new window
3.Hervig, Linda K.、Wortman, Camille B.、Kusulas, Jeffrey W.、Marshall, Grant N.、Vickers, Ross R. Jr.(1992)。Distinguishing Optimism from Pessimism: Relations to Fundamental Dimensions of Mood and Personality。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，62(6)，1067-1074。  new window
4.Hilsman, Ruth、Garber, Judy(1995)。A test of the cognitive diathesis-stress model of depression in children: Academic stressors, attributional style, perceived competence, and control。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，69(2)，370-380。  new window
5.Olason, D. T.、Roger, D.(2001)。Optimism, pessimism and "fighting spirit ": A new approach to assessing expectancy and adaptation。Personality and Individual Differences，31(5)，755-768。  new window
6.Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.(1992)。Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update。Cognitive Therapy and Research，16(2)，201-228。  new window
7.Peterson, Christopher、De Avila, M. E.(1995)。Optimistic explanatory style and the perception of health problems。Journal of Clinical Psychology，51(1)，128-132。  new window
8.Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.、Bridges, M. W.(1994)。Distinguishing Optimism from Neuroticism (and Trait Anxiety, Selfmastery, and Self-esteem): A Reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，67(6)，1063-1078。  new window
9.Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.(1993)。On the Power of Positive Thinking: The Benefits of Being Optimistic。Current Directions in Psychological Science，2(1)，26-30。  new window
10.Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.(1987)。Dispositional Optimism and Physical Well-being: The Influence of Generalized Outcome Expectancies on Health。Journal of Personality，55(2)，169-210。  new window
11.Snyder, C. R.、Hoza, B.、Pelham, W. E.、Rapoff, M.、Ware, L.、Danovsky, M.、Stahl, K. J.(1997)。The development and validation of the children's hope scale。Journal of Pediatric Psychology，22(3)，399-421。  new window
12.Taylor, S.、Armor, D.(1996)。Positive illusions and coping with adversity。Journal of Personality，64，873-898。  new window
13.Nolen-Hoeksema, S.、Girgus, J. S.、Seligman, M. E. P.(1992)。Predictors and consequences of childhood depressive symptoms: A 5-year longitudinal study。Journal of Abnormal Psychology，101(3)，405-422。  new window
14.吳相儀、林耀南、陳學志、邱發忠、徐芝君(20081200)。樂觀就不悲觀嗎？樂觀與悲觀的雙向度理論驗證及量表的發展。測驗學刊，55(3)，559-589。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Weinstein, N.(1980)。Unrealistic Optimism about Future Life Events。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，39(5)，806-820。  new window
16.Hull, J. G.、Mendolia, M.(1991)。Modeling the relations of attributional style, expectancies, and depression。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，61(1)，85-97。  new window
17.Seligman, Martin E. P.、Abramson, Lyn Y.、Semmel, Amy、von Baeyer, Carl(1979)。Depressive Attributional Style。Journal of Abnormal Psychology，88(3)，242-247。  new window
18.Peterson, C.(2000)。The future of optimism。American Psychologist，55(1)，44-55。  new window
19.Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.(1985)。Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies。Health Psychology，4(3)，219-247。  new window
20.常雅珍、毛國楠(20061000)。以正向心理學建構情意教育之行動研究。師大學報. 教育類，51(2)，121-146。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.Schwarzer, R.(1994)。Optimism, vulnerability, and self-beliefs as health-related cognitions: A systematic overview。Psychology & Health，9(3)，161-180。  new window
22.Diener, Edward(1984)。Subjective well-being。Psychological Bulletin，95(3)，542-575。  new window
23.Seligman, Martin E. P.、Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly(2000)。Positive psychology: An introduction。American Psychologist，55(1)，5-14。  new window
24.Hankin, B. L.、Abramson, L. Y.、Silva, P. A.、McGee, R.、Angell, K. E.、Moffitt, T. E.(1998)。Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study。Journal of Abnormal Psychology，107(1)，128-140。  new window
25.Carver, Charles S.、Pozo, C.、Harris, S. D.、Noriega, V.、Scheier, Michael F.、Robinson, D. S.、Ketchman, A. S.、Moffat, F. L.、Clark, K. C.、Carver, C. S.、Scheier, M. F.(1993)。How Coping Mediates the Effect of Optimism on Distress: A Study of Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，65，375-391。  new window
26.Kleijn, W. C.、Ploeg, H. M.、Mook, J.、Henk, M.(1992)。Positively and negatively worded items in a self-report measure of dispositional optimism。Psychological Reports，71，275-278。  new window
27.Yu, D. L.、Seligman, M. E. P.(2002)。Preventing Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Children。Prevention and Treatment。  new window
28.Scheier, M. F.、Matthews, K. A.、Owens, J. F.、Magovern, G. J.、Lefebvre, R. C.、Abbott, R. A.(1989)。Dispositional Optimism and Recovery from Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: The Beneficial Effects on Physical and Psychological Well Being。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，67，1063-1078。  new window
29.Sydney, E.、Hadley, W.、Allen, D. N.、Palmer, S.、Klosky, J.、Deptula, D.、Thomas, J.、Cohen, R.(2005)。A New Measure of Children's Optimism and Pessimism: The Youth Life Orientation Test。Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry，46，548-558。  new window
30.Shnek, Z. M.、Foley, F. W.、LaRocca, N. G.、Smith, C. R.、Halper, J.(1995)。Psychological Predictors of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis。Journal of Neurologic Rehabilitation，9，15-23。  new window
31.Riskind, J. H.、Sarampote, C. S.、Mercier, M. A.(1996)。For Every Malady a Sovereign Cure: Optimism Training。Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly，10，105-117。  new window
32.Hummer, M. K.、Dember, W. N.、Melton, R. S.、Schefft, B. K.(1992)。On the Partial Independence of Optimism and Pessimism。Current Psychology，11，37-51。  new window
33.McConnell, A. R.、Bill, C. M.、Dember, W. N.、Grasha, A. F.(1993)。Personality through Metaphor: Optimism, Pessimism, Locus of Control, and Sensation Seeking。Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning Personality anti Social，12，195-215。  new window
34.Mroczek, D. K.、Spiro, A.、Aldwin, C. M.、Ozer, D. J.、Boss'e, R.、Spiro, A., III、Bossé, R.(1993)。Construct Validation of Optimism and Pessimism in Older Men: Findings from the Normative Ageing Study。Health Psychology，12，406-409。  new window
35.Plomin, R.、Scheier, M. F.、Bergeman, C. S.、Pederson, N. L.、Nesselroade, J.、McClearn, G.(1992)。Optimism, Pessimism and Mental Health: A Twin/Aadoption Analysis。Personality and Individual Difference，13，921-930。  new window
36.Schiaffino, K. M.、Revenson, T. A.(1992)。The Role of Perceived Self-efficacy, Perceived Control, and Causal Attributions in Adaptation to Rheumatoid Arthritis: Distinguishing Mediator from Moderator Effects。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，18，709-718。  new window
37.Neverlien, P. O.、Backer, J. T.(1991)。Optimism - Pessimism Dimension and Dental Anxiety in Children Aged 10-12 Years。Community Dental Oral Epidemiology，19，342-346。  new window
38.Kliewer, W.、Lewis, H.(1995)。Family Influences on Coping Processes in Children and Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease。Journal of Pediatric Psychology，20，511-525。  new window
39.Boland, A.、Cappeliez, D.(1997)。Optimism and Neuroticism as Predictors of Coping and Adaptation in Older Woman。Personality and Individual Differences，22，909-919。  new window
40.Titzmann, P. F.、Roger, D.、Olason, D. T.、Greco, V.(2004)。A New Approach to Assessing Optimism: The Development of a German Version of the Positive and Negative Expectancies Questionnaire (PANEQ-G)。Current Psychology，23，97-110。  new window
41.Dember, W. N.、Brooks, J.(1989)。A New Instrument for Measuring Optimism and Pessimism: Test-retest Reliability and Relations with Happiness and Religious Commitment。Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society，27，365-366。  new window
42.Segerstrom, S. C.(2001)。Optimism and Attentional Bias for Negative and Positive Sstimuli。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，27，1334-1343。  new window
43.Jaycox, L. H.、Reiovitch, K. J.、Gillham, J.、Seligman, M. E. P.(1994)。Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in School Children。Behavioral Research and Therapy，32，801-816。  new window
44.Kazdin, A. E.、French, N. H.、Unis, A. S.、Esveldt-Dawson, K.、Sherick, R. B.(1983)。Hopelessness, Depression, and Suicidal Intent among Psychiatrically Disturbed Inpatient Children。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，51，504-510。  new window
45.Ingram, R. E.、Wisnicki, K. S.(1988)。Assessment of Positive Automatic Cognitron。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，56，898-902。  new window
46.Smith, T. W.、Pope, M. K.、Rhodewalt, F.、Poulton, J. L.(1989)。Optimism, Neuroticism, Coping, and Symptom Reports: An Alternative Interpretation of the Life Orientation Test。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，56，640-648。  new window
47.Fischer, M.、Leitenberg, H.(1986)。Optimism and Pessimism in Elementary School-aged Children。Child Development，57，241-248。  new window
48.Goodman, E.、Chesney, M. A.、Tipton, A. C.(1995)。Relationship of Optimism, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs to Use of HIV Antibody Testing by At-risk Female Adolescents。Psychosomatic Medicine，57，541-546。  new window
49.Hjelle, L.、Belongia, C.、Nesser, J.(1996)。Psychometric Properties of the Life Orientation Test and Attributional Style Questionnaire。Psychological Reports，78，507-515。  new window
50.Peterson, C.、Seligman, M. E. P.(1984)。Casual Explanations as Risk Factor for Depression: Theory and Evidence。Psychological Review，91，347-374。  new window
51.Watson, D.、Clark, L. A.、Carey, G.(1988)。Positive and Negative Affectivity and Their Relation to Anxiety and Depression Disorders。Journal of Abnormal Psychology，97，346-353。  new window
52.Kashani, J. H.、Rosenberg, R. K.、Reid, J. C.(1989)。Developmental Perspectives in Child and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms in a Community Sample。American Journal of Psychiatry，141，1397-1402。  new window
會議論文
1.Fresco, D. M.、Craighead, L. W.、Sampson, W. S.、Watt, N. M.、Favell, H. E.、Presenell, K. E.(1995)。The Effects of Self-administered "Optimism Training" on Attributional Style, Levels of Depression, and Health Symptoms of Pessimistic College Students。0。  new window
2.Fresco, D. M.、Sampson, W. S.、Craighead, L. W.、Clark, J.、Enns, C.(1995)。Self-administered Optimism Training: The Process of Lessening the Impact of Pessimistic Explanatory Style。0。  new window
學位論文
1.林登松(2003)。受傷柔道選手之悲樂觀傾向與受傷程度對心情反應及因應行為的影響(碩士論文)。國立體育學院。  延伸查詢new window
2.吳淑英(2004)。生命教育方案對國小資優學童生命意義感影響之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.曾文秀(2003)。死亡教育課程方案對國小四年級兒童死亡知識、死亡態度之影響研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.何家齊(1998)。大學生的樂觀傾向、壓力因應方式與生活適應的相關研究(碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學，彰化。  延伸查詢new window
5.丁明潔(2003)。國中生樂觀／悲觀傾向、課業壓力評估、課業壓力因應方式與學校生活適應之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.常雅珍(2004)。激發心靈潛能--以正向心理學內涵建構情意教育課程之研究(博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.李澄賢(2004)。大學生的情緒調節、調節焦點、樂觀與創造力之關係(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
8.Kamen, L. P.(1989)。Learned Helplessness, Cognitive Dissonance, and Cell-mediated Immunity，Philadelphia, PA。  new window
圖書
1.Seligman, Martin E. P.(1991)。Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life。Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.。  new window
2.Crowther, Jonathan(1995)。Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English。Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Seligman, M. E. P.、Reivich, K. J.、Jaycox, L. H.、Gillham, J.(1995)。The Optimistic Child。Houghton Mifflin。  new window
4.遲嘯川、趙錫如(2001)。辭海。台北：華文網新閱書社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Cohen, J.(1988)。Statistical power and analysis for the behavioral sciences。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
6.Kirk, Roger E.(1995)。Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences。Brooks/Cole Publishing Company。  new window
7.Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.、Bridges, M. W.(2002)。Optimism, Pessimism, and Psychological Well-being。Optimism and Pessimism: Implication for Theory, Research, and Practice。Washington, DC。  new window
8.Pretzer, J. L.、Walsh, C. A.(2003)。Optimism, Pessimism, and Psychotherapy: Implications for Clinical Practice。Optimism and Pessimism: Implication for Theory, Research, and Practice。Washington, DC。  new window
9.Gillham, J. E.、Shatté, A. J.、Reivich, K. J.、Seligman, M. E. P.(2000)。Optimism, Pessimism, and Explanatory Style。Optimism and Pessimism: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice。Washington, DC。  new window
10.Carver, C. S.、Scheier, M.(2003)。Optimism。Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures。Washington, DC。  new window
11.Chang, E. C.(1998)。Distinguishing between Optimism and Pessimism: A Second Look at the "Optimismpessimism Hypothesis"。Viewing Psychology as a Whole: The Integrative Science of William N. Dember。Washington, DC。  new window
12.Rutter, M.(1986)。The Developmental Psychopathology of Depression。Depression in Young People: Developmental and Clinical Perspectives。New York, NY。  new window
13.Garber, J.、Quiggle, N. L.、Panak, W.、Dodge, K. A.(1991)。Aggression and Depression in Children: Comorbidity, Specificity, and Cognitive Processing。Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology, Vol. 2: Internalizing and Externalizing Expressions of Dysfunction。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
其他
1.Deptula, D.，Cohen, R.，Phillipsen, L. C.，Ey, S.。Expecting the Best: Optimism as a Predictor of Children's Social Behaviors and Peer Relationships，0。  new window
2.吳靜吉(1991)。樂觀量表簡介，0。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Bandura, A.(1988)。Self-regulation of motivation and action through goal systems。Cognitive perspectives on emotion and motivation。New York：Springer。  new window
2.Seligman, Martin E. P.(2002)。Positive psychology, Positive Prevention, and positive therapy。Handbook of Positive psychology。Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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