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題名：社會形塑少年暴力犯為危險他者之運作機制：「代罪羔羊」形象的社會建構
書刊名：犯罪與刑事司法研究
作者：許華孚 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hsu, Hua-fu
出版日期：2009
卷期：12
頁次：頁145-207
主題關鍵詞：少年暴力犯；現代性；道德恐慌；危險他者；社會排除；Juvenile violent offender；Modernity；Moral panic；Dangerous other；Social exclusion
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:88
  • 點閱點閱:92
犯罪係飽受關切的眾多社會問題之一，其中，少年暴力犯罪更引起各方側目。然而，若深入比較少年暴力犯罪與其他犯罪類型，可發現少年犯罪於整體犯罪問題中所佔之比例，與其受到民眾所認知之威脅程度，實際上儼然產生明顯落差。換言之，少年暴力犯罪已被嚴重凸顯，成爲治安敗壞的眾矢之的。此種將犯罪少年視爲治安敗壞之「代罪羔羊」(scapegoat)的意識形態，透過各種社會機制的運作，於犯罪少年身上形塑出一種「危險他者」(dangerous other)意象，並主張對於這些「危險他者」，社會應主動加以控制或排除。惟此種社會排除機制的形成，對於少年暴力犯罪問題的處理，究竟是得以有效解決之，抑或反而成爲助長少年暴力犯罪問題嚴重化的趨力之一，實值得深入探究。本研究乃以一社會學的分析，試圖探討社會危險他者之意象是以哪些機制被形塑，又是透過哪些管道而建構於少年暴力犯之上。同時，這種社會危險他者意象一方面帶給社會大眾強烈威脅與被害恐懼，另一方面又如何啟動社會排除機制。藉由分析晚近現代社會之特徵如何形塑社會排除的機制與型態以及危險他者意象如何被建構，使少年暴力犯成爲治安敗壞的代罪羔羊，同時具體呈現社會行動者，包括法學與犯罪學者、大眾傳播媒體工作者、刑事司法實務工作者等，對少年暴力犯罪者的反應與評價。這個研究課題係經由一個統整的知識系統架構來分析社會對少年暴力犯罪的負面反應與效果，以期對於政府針對少年暴力犯罪預防所設定之政策與社會之改革，提供重要而有效的參考。
Dangerous male youth has long been emblematic of wider social concerns and anxieties. From the beginnings of governmental projects, a modernist discourse about crime is connected to dangerous populations which is inseparable from a concern with the mixture of young man, disorder and the city. In particular, it has been in a series of high-profile and controversial political debates about crime, criminal justice and the politics of 'law and order' that male youth has assumed a central, iconic significance. An administrative criminology of 'the other' characterizing offenders as the threatening dangerous outcast, the fearsome stranger, and the excluded is increasingly crystallized. Juvenile offenders have become a 'suitable enemy' and 'dangerous other', both as a symbol of and target for all social anxieties and thus legitimating the drift toward the penal management. Bauman (2000) observes that there is a tendency to maintain order by resort to a paradigm of exclusion. A popular demand for 'law and order' forges the disciplinarians of the state, and is coupled with the media and the popular press. Hall et al. (1978) argues that during a recession, crime implies a symptom of the crisis, amongst the authorities and in popular imagination. The link between the two is often secures through a moral panic, which serves to recast the crisis in terms of law and order. This reveals an ideology of exclusion in which the disparity between rich and poor, divisions between property-owning classes and those social groups who are deemed a threat to property, tend to forge a fortified, segregated society. The ideology of exclusion is also extended to blame the unwelcome and marginalized for the factors of labor market dissatisfaction and economic recession. In addition, it is argued that the popular imaged about crime are 'popular' only in so far as they are consequences of information provided by official sources with a vested interest in crime control, and by media sources with a vested interest in maintaining news value. There is a deviancy amplification spiral set in explanation of negative interaction between juvenile offenders and social response. The media's distortion and official discourse shaping juvenile offenders as 'dangerous other' results in an amplification of juvenile deviance both in perceived and real terms. Youths begin to identify with the label attached to them and thus believed themselves to be more deviant and separate from the rest of society. Under these circumstances, the hegemonic masculinity is reinforced to resist this negative label in order to avoid the devastating psychological effects of internalizing and converting social rejection into self-rejection. It hopes to provide explicit perspectives and interpretations for the field of governmental policies and the public regarding juvenile crime issue.
期刊論文
1.Garland, David(1996)。The limits of the Sovereign State: Strategies of crime control in contemporary society。The British Journal of Criminology，36(4)，445-471。  new window
2.Robinson, G.(2002)。Exploring Risks Management in Probation Practice。Punishment and Society，4(1)，5-25。  new window
3.Worrall, A.(2000)。Globalization, the Millennium and the Prison。Theoretical Criminology，4(3)，391-397。  new window
4.余育斌、許華孚(2005)。藥物濫用少年與其社會網絡之互動要素分析：以明陽中學收容少年為例。犯罪學期刊，8(1)，65-97。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.李茂生(20000100)。少年犯罪的預防與矯治制度的批判--一個系統論的考察。國立臺灣大學法學論叢，29(2)，79-174。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.許華孚(20050900)。監獄與社會排除：一個批判性的分析。犯罪與刑事司法研究，5，191-235。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.林山田(20030100)。刑法改革與刑事立法政策--兼評二○○二年刑法部分條文修正草案。月旦法學，92，8-25。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Miller, Walter B.(1958)。Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency。Journal of Social Issues，14(3)，5-19。  new window
會議論文
1.陳毓文(1999)。暴力環境與暴力少年：一個社會問題還是兩個？。台灣問題研究學術研討會。台北：中研院社會所。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Douglas, Mary(1992)。Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory。London：Routledge。  new window
2.European Commission(1994)。White Paper--European Social Policy: A Way Forward for the Union。Brussels：Office for Official Publications of the European Commission。  new window
3.胡幼慧(1996)。質性研究的分析與寫成。台北：五南。  延伸查詢new window
4.Christie, N.(2000)。Crime Control as Industry。London：Routledge。  new window
5.Hall, Stuart、Critcher, Chas、Jefferson, Tony、Clarke, John N.、Roberts, Brian(1978)。Policing the crisis: Mugging, the state and law and order。Macmillan。  new window
6.Mathiesen, T.(1990)。Prison on Trial: A Critical Assessment。London：Sage。  new window
7.Matza, D.(1969)。Becoming deviant。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice Hall。  new window
8.Young, Jock(1999)。The Exclusive Society: Social Exclusion, Crime and Difference in Late Modernity。London：Sage。  new window
9.Garland, David、周盈成(2006)。控制的文化：當代社會的犯罪與社會秩序。巨流圖書股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
10.Cohen, A.(1955)。Delinquent Boys: The Culture of Gang。New York：Free Press。  new window
11.許春金(1996)。犯罪學。中央警察大學。  延伸查詢new window
12.Goffman, Erving(1963)。Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity。Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey：Prentice-Hall。  new window
13.Bauman, Zygmunt(1989)。Modernity and the Holocaust。Oxford。  new window
14.Bauman, Zygmunt、王志弘(2002)。工作、消費與新貧。臺北市：巨流圖書有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
15.Beck, Ulrich(1992)。Risk society: Toward a new modernity。London：Sage。  new window
16.Giddens, Anthony(1991)。Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age。Cambridge：Blackwell Publishers。  new window
17.Foucault, Michel、Sheridan, Alan(1977)。Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison。New York：Pantheon Books。  new window
18.周愫嫻(1997)。變遷中的犯罪問題與社會控制--台灣經驗。台北：五南圖書出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
19.Foucault, Michel、Hurley, Robert(1978)。The history of sexuality (Vol.1) : The Will to Knowledge。Lndon：Penguin。  new window
20.Bauman, Zygmunt、張君玫(2001)。全球化：對人類的深遠影響。群學。  延伸查詢new window
21.Nussbaum, Martha C.、方佳俊(2007)。逃避人性：噁心、羞恥與法律。商周。  延伸查詢new window
22.Sennett, Richard(1998)。The Corrosion of Character: The Personal Consequences of Work in the New Capitalism。W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
23.周愫嫻(2004)。少年犯罪。臺北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
24.Becker, Howard S.(1963)。Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance。Free Press of Glencoe。  new window
25.Giddens, Anthony(1990)。The Consequences of Modernity。Stanford, CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
26.Denzin, Norman K.(1989)。Interpretive Interactionism。Sage Publications。  new window
27.Hall, Stuart(1997)。Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices。SAGE Publication Ltd.。  new window
28.Dodd, Nigel、張君玫(2003)。社會理論與現代性。臺北：巨流圖書股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.何明晃(2005)。少年司法介入少年經常逃學、逃家行為之研究。  延伸查詢new window
2.李茂生(1999)。少年犯罪與二分論的刑事政策。  延伸查詢new window
3.李茂生(2000a)。青少年需要怎要的法律環境。  延伸查詢new window
4.李茂生(2007)。情感與法律之間關係的論述--《逃避人性》推薦序。  延伸查詢new window
5.李培元譯，齊格蒙‧包曼（Zygmunt Bauman）著(2004)。全球化浪潮的政治定位（In Search of Politics）。  延伸查詢new window
6.法務部(2002)。犯罪狀況及其分析。  延伸查詢new window
7.法務部(2006)。犯罪狀況及其分析。  延伸查詢new window
8.許華孚(2004)。英美刑罰發展與臺灣經驗之探究：一個批判性的分析。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.斐學儒(2001)。軍隊文化、男性氣概與性傾向壓迫：台灣男同性戀者兵役經驗分析。  延伸查詢new window
10.劉宗為、黃煜文譯，大衛‧葛蘭（David Garland）著(2007)。懲罰與現代社會（Punishment and Modern Society）。  延伸查詢new window
11.蔡采秀譯，巴瑞‧史馬特（Barry Smart）著(1998)。傅科(Michel Foucault)。  延伸查詢new window
12.蔡德輝、楊士隆(2001)。犯罪學。  延伸查詢new window
13.謝秀芬(2002)。質性研究。  延伸查詢new window
14.謝啟大(2000)。我國少年之立法沿革及展望（上、下）。  延伸查詢new window
15.Bauman, Z.(2000)。Social issues on law and order。  new window
16.Canaan, J. E.(1991)。Doing something just boy’s play? Integrating feminist and cultural studies perspectives on working-class young men’s masculinity。  new window
17.Carrabine, E., M. Lee and N. South.(2000)。Social wrongs and human rights in late modern Britain: Social exclusion, crime control, and prospects for a public criminology。  new window
18.Chadwick, K. and P. Scraton.(2001)。Critical Criminology。  new window
19.Chambliss, W. J.(1975)。Toward a political economy of crime。  new window
20.Chambliss, W. J.(1994)。Policing the ghetto underclass: The politics of law and order enforcement。  new window
21.Christie, N. and K. Bruun.(1985)。The Suitable Enemy: Drug Policy in the Nordic Countries。  new window
22.Cohen, S.(1972)。Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of Mods and Rockers。  new window
23.Commission of the European Communities.(1993)。Background Report: Social Exclusion-Poverty and Other Social Problems in the European Community。  new window
24.Durant, R. H., R. A. Pendergrast and C. Cadenhead.(1994)。Exposure to violence and victimization and fighting behavior by urban black adolescent。  new window
25.Elin, N.(1997)。Shelter from the storm, or from follows fear and vice versa?。  new window
26.Foucault, M.(1982)。Subject and power。  new window
27.Garland, D.(1997)。Of crimes and criminals: The development of criminology in Britain。  new window
28.Goffman, E.(1971)。Relations in Public。  new window
29.Hall, S., J. Clarke, C. Critcher, T. Jefferson and B. Roberts.(1975)。Newsmaking and crime。  new window
30.Hobsbawm, E.(1994)。The Age of Extremes。  new window
31.Hudson, B.(2003)。Justice in the Risk Society: Challenging and Re-affirming Justice in Late Modernity。  new window
32.Hutton, W.(1995)。The State We’re in。  new window
33.Keith, M.(1996)。Criminalization and racialization。  new window
34.Langley, M.(1996)。My son, the teen-age predator。  new window
35.Lemert, E. M.(1974)。Beyond Mead: The societal reaction to deviance。  new window
36.Mathiesen, T.(1974)。The Politics of Abolition Essays in Political Action Theory。  new window
37.Messerschmidt, J. W.(1997)。Crime as Structured Action: Gender, Race, Class and Crime。  new window
38.Mills, W.(2000)。The Sociological Imagination。  new window
39.Muncie, J.(1987)。Much ado about nothing? The sociology of moral panics。  new window
40.Platt, T.(1996)。The politics of law and order。  new window
41.Quinney, R.(1975)。Criminology。  new window
42.Reiner, R.(1997)。Media made criminality: The representation of crime in the mass media。  new window
43.Rushe, G. and O. Kirchheimer.(1968)。Punishment and Social Structure。  new window
44.Sim, J.(1990)。Medical Power in Prisons: The Prison Medical Service in England 1774-1989。  new window
45.Simon, J.(1997)。Governing through crime。  new window
46.Weber, M.(1971)。The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism。  new window
47.Wilkins, L.(1964)。Social Deviance。  new window
48.Willis, P.(1977)。Learning to Labour: How Working-Class Kids Get Working-Class Jobs。  new window
49.Wilson, J. Q.(1995)。Crime and public policy。  new window
圖書論文
1.Scraton, P. and Chadwick, K.(1996)。The Theoretical and Political Priorities of Critical Criminology。Criminological Perspectives。London：Sage。  new window
2.Bottoms, A.(1995)。The philosophy and politics of punishment and sentencing。The politics of sentencing reform。New York, NY：Oxford：Oxford University Press：Clarendon Press：Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Morgan, R.(2000)。The Politics of Criminological Research。Doing Research on Crime and Justice。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.鄒川雄(2003)。生活世界與默會知識：詮釋學觀點的質性研究。質性研究方法與資料分析。南華大學教育社會學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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