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題名：美國就業上性傾向歧視爭議之探討
書刊名：歐美研究
作者：焦興鎧
作者(外文)：Chiao, Cing-kae
出版日期：2009
卷期：39:1
頁次：頁29-77
主題關鍵詞：就業上性傾向歧視；一九六四年民權法第七章；聯邦憲法；普通法；軍中同性戀；Sexual orientation discrimination in employment；Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964；Federal Constitution；Common law；Gays and lesbians in the military
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:52
  • 點閱點閱:50
本文之目的，是要對美國禁止就業上性傾向歧視法制之建構及實施情形，做一整體之檢視，並評析其優劣得失及引起爭議之處。全文之重要內容共分四個部分：第一部分討論此類爭議在美國之發展背景。第二部分就相關法令及執行機關未能對這類勞動者提供充分保障之情形，以及對聯邦各級法院之各項判決加以說明，並論及改革之重要內容與未能成功之原因。第三部分說明此類事件被害人可以請求救濟之其他法律途徑。第四部分除評析美國軍中規範性傾向歧視法制之演進情形，並與歐洲聯盟之現制做一比較。此外，由於我國就業服務法中，已將性傾向歧視自性別歧視中抽離，因此，本文將設法討論美國在這方面之經驗，可供我國啟示及參酌援引之處。
The purpose of this paper is to offer an overall assessment and discussion on the merits, shortcomings and controversies of the law and practice of prohibiting sexual orientation discrimination in em-ployment in the United States. The main contents of the paper are di-vided into four sections. Section One describes the general back-ground of various hardships faced by sexual minorities in the job markets in the States. Section Two analyzes the reasons why federal fair employment statutes and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission cannot provide them with adequate protections. It also discusses several related decisions rendered by the federal courts and reform measures offered by Congress in recent years. Section Three details other legal remedies provided by the Federal Constitution, lo-cal statutes and regulations and common law. Section Four discusses the controversial issues arising from the treatment of gay and lesbian members of the U.S. armed forces. It also offers a comparative study of the same legal regime adopted by the European Union and evalu-ates whether the American experience in this field can provide any lessons for Taiwan given its recent endeavors to reform anti-discrimination measures in the legal system dealing with employ-ment.
期刊論文
1.焦興鎧(20070600)。我國校園性騷擾防治機制之建構--性別平等教育法相關條文之剖析。臺北大學法學論叢，62，41-90。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.焦興鎧(20060500)。我國防治性騷擾法制之建構。法令月刊，57(5)，4-27。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.焦興鎧(20071200)。工作平等國際勞動基準之建構。中華國際法與超國界法評論，3(2)，367-417。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Badgett, M. V. L.(1995)。The Wage Effects of Sexual Orientation Discrimination。Industrial and Labor Relations Review，48(4)，726-739。  new window
5.Blades, L.(1967)。Employment at Will vs. Individual Freedom: On Limiting Abusive Exercise of Employer Power。Columbia Law Review，67(8)，1404-1435。  new window
6.Carolan, B.(2005)。Judicial Impediments to Legislating Equality for Same - Sex Couples in the European Union。Tulsa Law Review，40(3)，527-560。  new window
7.Cohen, R.、O'Byrne, S.、Maxwell, P.(1999)。Employment Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation: The American, Canadian and U.K. Responses。Law & Inequality，17(1)，1-56。  new window
8.(1996)。Developments in the Law: Employment Discrimination。Harvard Law Review，109(7)，1568-1692。  new window
9.Estrich, S.(1991)。Sex at Work。Stanford Law Review，43(4)，813-862。  new window
10.Fisk, C. L.(1998)。ERISA Preemption of State and Local Laws on Domestic Partnership and Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Employment。UCLA Women's Law Journal，8(2)，267-312。  new window
11.Gilmore, A.(1996)。Employment Protection for Lesbians and Gay Men。Law & Sexuality，6，83-108。  new window
12.Jasiunas, J. B.(2000)。Is ENDA the Answer? Can a 'Separate but Equal' Federal Statute Adequately Protect Gays and Lesbians from Employment Discrimination?。Ohio State Law Journal，61(4)，1529-1557。  new window
13.Landau, D. A.(1994)。Employment Discrimination Against Lesbians and Gays: The Incomplete Legal Responses of the United States and the European Union。Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law，4(2)，335-361。  new window
14.Lau, H.(2004)。Sexual Orientation: Testing the Universality of International Human Rights Law。University of Chicago Law Review，71(4)，1689-1720。  new window
15.McGowan, S. M.(1998)。Recent Development - The Fate of ENDA in the Wake of Maine: A Wake-up Call to Moderate Republicans。Harvard Journal on Legislation，35(2)，623-636。  new window
16.Ratliff, W. L.(1996)。Upholding 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell。Yale Law Journal，106(2)，531-536。  new window
17.Readler, C. A.(1998)。Local Government Anti-discrimination Laws: Do They Make a Difference?。University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform，31(3)，777-815。  new window
18.Rich, T.(1988)。Sexual Orientation Discrimination in the Wake of Bowers v. Hardwick。Georgia Law Review，22(3)，773-804。  new window
19.Sarasohn, J.(1994)。A Nod to Domestic Partners': Covington & Burling Blazes Trail, Offering Health Coverage to Gay Couples。Legal Times，1。  new window
會議論文
1.焦興鎧(2007)。歐洲聯盟禁止就業上性傾向歧視法制之研究。  延伸查詢new window
2.Chiao, C.-K.(2007)。Taiwan's Experience in Combating Employment Discrimination: Retrospect and Prospect。  new window
學位論文
1.賴麒中(1998)。性傾向與就業歧視之探討(碩士論文)。國立政治大學，台北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.焦興鎧(1997)。勞工法制之最新發展趨勢--美國勞工法論文集（二）。臺北：月旦。  延伸查詢new window
2.焦興鎧(2000)。勞工法論叢（一）。勞工法論叢（一）。臺北：元照。  延伸查詢new window
3.Lindemann, Barbara、Grossman, Paul(1996)。Employment Discrimination Law。Washington, DC：Bureau of National Affairs。  new window
4.Gould, I. V.、William, B.(2004)。A Primer on American Labor Law。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
5.焦興鎧(2003)。性騷擾爭議新論。臺北市：元照出版公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.焦興鎧(200610)。國際勞動基準之建構。臺北：新學林。  延伸查詢new window
7.王玉葉(2007)。由補償性理論到多元化理論：美國高等教育優惠待遇案件Grutter之迴響。美國最高法院重要判決之研究：二０００～二００三。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
8.焦興鎧(1995)。勞工法與勞工權利之保障－美國勞工法論文集（一）。勞工法與勞工權利之保障－美國勞工法論文集（一）。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
9.Woods, J. D.(1993)。The Corporate Closet: The Professional Lives of Gay Men in America。The Corporate Closet: The Professional Lives of Gay Men in America。New York, NY。  new window
其他
1.Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund(2001)。Summary of States, Cities, and Counties Which Prohibit Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation。  new window
2.U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.。Sexual Harassment。  new window
 
 
 
 
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