本文為臺灣醫療史的研究，係從戰後「美援醫療」的角度切入，運用樂生院機構內部史料，探討戰後臺灣漢生病政策為何以及如何轉變；目的在補足這段歷史研究的空白，並追究政策變革之中存在的人權問題。本文的研究指出：戰後臺灣漢生病政策轉型並非順理成章之事。至1950 年代中期，戰前日本強制隔離措施成為一種政策遺產，在政權轉移的過渡期持續運作。其後，因美援衛生計畫的介入，以及國際教會組織的協力，始啟動政策變革。1960 年代初，臺灣漢生病處理無論在醫療專業人才的養成，或醫療技術的更新，以至門診治療系統之建立，可見美式醫療的形成。同時，由國際教會組織設立的臺灣痲瘋救濟協會，也運用美援衛生計畫的基礎，投入在地的門診治療系統，以實踐其「醫療傳道」的任務。本文的研究也指出：在美援時代結束之際，樂生院住院患者遭受「醫療實驗」造成的傷害，說明美援醫療所形構的醫學知識／權力關係，也使這群患者承受另一種健康的風險，成為戰後臺灣人權歷史的負面紀錄。

From the perspective of USaid medicine in Taiwan after the Second World War and using the archives of Lo Sheng Leprosarium, this article on medical history of Taiwan explored the policy changes for control of Hansen’s disease and the reasons behind such changes. The study aimed to make up for the gaps in the history of that era and examined the human rights issues involved in the policy changes. It should be pointed out that the post-war policy changes for Hansen’s disease control were neither a natural development nor a logical transformation. During the colonial era, the Japanese had adopted a policy of forced segregation for people suffering from Hansen’s disease. Such policy was still implemented during the transfer of sovereignty and persisted till the mid 1950s. Thereafter, both the introduction of health programs under USaid medicine and the involvement of international church organizations led to policy changes. Treatment of Hansen’s disease patients in the early 1960s evidenced the rise of USaid medicine in Taiwan in terms of training of medical professionals, advances in medical technology, as well as establishment of the out-patient system. On the other hand, the Taiwan Leprosy Relief Association set up by international church organizations put into practice their vocation of "medical missionary" by providing outpatient treatment in line with USaid health programs. The research also highlighted the harm done to the inpatients of Lo Sheng Leprosarium in the “medical experiment” when USaid medicine terminated. The relationship between power and medical knowledge under US-aid medicine not only subjected the Hansen’s disease sufferers to such health risks and left an infamous patients’ rights record in the post-war history of Taiwan