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題名:葛超智與臺灣
書刊名:檔案季刊
作者:林品秀
作者(外文):Lin, Pin-hsiu
出版日期:2011
卷期:10:1
頁次:頁28-39
主題關鍵詞:葛超智被出賣的臺灣戰後臺美關係二二八事件George H. KerrFormosa betrayedRelations between the U.S. and TaiwanFeb. 28 Incident
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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論及二次大戰後初期的臺美關係,不可不提葛超智。葛氏於西元1945年末至1947年初,擔任美國駐臺北副領事,雖僅只1年多,對其本國政府對臺政策也是影響有限,甚至是互相扞挌,然而對臺灣民間的影響,卻使得人們在談論起這段歷史時,總是無法忽略。葛超智目睹戰後國民黨在臺的接收狀況,以及在二二八事件中對本土勢力的打擊,頗不以為然。基於此點,他開始展開一連串向美國政府的建言,包括不應繼續支持國民黨,以及不該讓在中國大陸失敗的國民黨政權撤退來臺等等。他主張臺灣應有一由臺灣人組成的自治政府,國民黨政權遭受臺灣人民的厭惡,若聽任其撤退來臺,則勢將導致共產勢力乘隙入侵,而對美國的太平洋安全造成不利影響。基於上述思維,他曾提出「臺灣託管論」等主張,而由於支持臺灣的自治運動,也使他不可避免的和後來的臺獨主張扯上關係。 許多研究者在評論葛超智時,總是傾向於將他與臺灣自主,亦或是臺灣獨立運動劃上等號,並一廂情願的認為葛氏一心為臺。而此一論調,也造成了另一派研究者的大力反駁,認為葛氏所為只不過是為了美國利益。本文擬自葛超智早期與臺灣的淵源談起,乃至其在臺時期的所見所聞,從這些面向去探討其「臺灣戰略觀」形成之所由。筆者並不欲作「擁葛」亦或是「反葛」間非此即彼的選擇,而是希望以一種更宏觀的角度,探討葛超智與臺灣的關係,以及其主張之來由。
Abstract When it comes to relations between Taiwan and the U.S. after WWⅡ, George H. Kerr's role is worthy of mention. He served in Taiwan as U.S. vice-consul from late 1945 to early 1947. Although his tenure lasted only for a year, and his influence on the U.S. government was quite limited, he left a lasting impact on Taiwanese society, which is still felt today when people mention this period. George H. Kerr felt repulsed when he saw what the KMT did in Taiwan, including the Feb. 28 Incident. Because of such incidents, he started to change his stance, suggesting that the U.S. government should refrain from providing any further support to the KMT, and not take a laisser-faire attitude to the KMT's withdrawal to Taiwan. He claimed that Taiwan should have her own autonomous government formedby her people. The KMT establishment was disliked. If allowed to withdraw to Taiwan, it would give communists opportunities to launch an attack, and would put the Pacific situation in danger. Based on the viewpoint mentioned above, George H. Kerr once proposed trusteeship as a viable solution. Because of his predisposition to favor an autonomous Taiwan, he was unavoidably linked to this island's claim of independence. In examining George H. Kerr's life, many researchers tend to equate his name to the independence of Taiwan, and to consider that he was pro-Taiwan at the core. But this viewpoint draws some furious objection by other researchers, who think that what George H. Kerr did was merely done with U.S. interests in mind. This essay will provide an account of George H. Kerr's first contact with Taiwan. By citing what he saw and heard, we will focus on where derived his "strategic view of Taiwan." In this essay, the author aims to maintain neutrality, assuming neither a pro nor anti- George H. Kerr position, but rather to judge the relations between this historical figure and Taiwan in a critical, objective manner.
期刊論文
1.陸以正(20060400)。葛超智[George H. Kerr]給國務院遠東司長的密件。歷史月刊,219,58-65。  延伸查詢new window
2.蘇瑤崇(20040900)。葛超智(George H. Kerr)、託管論與二二八事件之關係。國史館學術集刊,4,135-188。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.(1994)。CIA機密檔案驚人揭露:美國想在臺灣搞政變!。新新聞,361/362,16-33。  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.鄭梓(1992)。試探戰後初期國府之治臺策略--以用人政策與省籍歧視為中心的討論。二二八學術研討會。臺北:二二八民間研究小組。240-241。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Kerr, George H.、吳昱輝(2007)。面對危機的臺灣。臺北:前衛出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.United States Department of State(1967)。The China White Paper: August 1949。Stanford, California:Stanford University Press。  new window
3.王呈祥(20090000)。美國駐臺北副領事葛超智與「二二八事件」。臺北:海峽學術出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.戴天昭、李明峻(2002)。臺灣國際政治史。臺北:前衛出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.蘇新(1993)。未歸的臺共鬥魂:蘇新自傳與文集。時報文化出版企業股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
6.王景弘(2002)。第三隻眼睛看二二八。臺北:玉山社出版事業股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
7.黃紀男、沈光秀(1991)。黃紀男泣血夢迴錄。臺北:獨家出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.陳翠蓮(19950000)。派系鬥爭與權謀政治:二二八悲劇的另一面相。臺北:時報文化出版企業股份有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Kerr, George H.、陳榮成(1991)。被出賣的臺灣。臺北:前衛出版社。  延伸查詢new window
10.沈志華、楊奎松(2009)。美國對華情報解密檔案(1948-1976)(第七編):臺灣問題。上海:東方出版中心。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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