臺灣對日治時期通信史方面的研究尚屬初期，關於之電話、電報等業務機構的樣貌仍未清楚。本文主要是想對日人統治時期公共電話的行政機關演變來進行探討，並說明其扮演之角色。基本上，公共電話大體上可分為兩個系統，一類是以電話所至公設普通電話再至局內公眾電話，一類是由通常自動電話至普通公眾電話。前者最初於1901年設置，後者為1902年設置，皆是設置於臺北火車站中。而普通公眾電話則最接近我們目前對公共電話的概念，其僅設置於幾個全臺重要的「市」級地方行政地區，及少數的「街」也有設置，且絕大部分是在火車站裡面或前方。另一類型的局內公眾電話其實才是整體公眾電話中的大宗，如同其名稱所指其設置於各地郵便局所之內，且有相當部分的僅具有局內公眾電話，可說是總督府經費有限之情況下，暫時以回應各地商業者對電話通信需求的措施，換言之是作為日後變為具有交換局功能之先鋒，通常之後會逐漸變為兼具有交換功能及局內公眾電話的型態。

In Taiwan communication's history aspect research still preliminary stage during the Japanese colonial period, about telephone and telegram service organization appearance still not clear. This paper mainly discusses the public telephone in the administrative organization's evolution and explains role of its acting during the Japanese colonial period. In the whole public telephone the majority of proportions are the public telephones at Post-Offices, and like name it establishes in the post office. Because the Government-General of Taiwan funds are limited, therefore the public telephones at Post-Offices is temporarily responds the trade to the demand of telephone's communication. In the words, the public telephones at Post-Offices will be the achievement becomes cutting edge of in the future the telephone's switching function.