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題名：The Schooling Unfairness Perceived by Students in Junior High Schools and Elementary Schools
書刊名：教育政策論壇
作者：郭丁熒 引用關係
作者(外文)：Guo, Ding-ying
出版日期：2013
卷期：16:3=47
頁次：頁97-116
主題關鍵詞：學校教育；不均等；不公平；不正義；不合理；Schooling；Unequal；Unfairness；Unjust；Unreasonable
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在探討國中小學生對學校教育不公平的知覺。本研究以383位國中小學生為預試樣本，編製「學校教育不公平知覺量表」，共包含「不合理」、「不均等」、「不正義」三層面。再以3,097位國中小學生為對象進行調查。調查資料經以SPSS for Windows 20.0套裝軟體中次數分配、單因子多變項分析，以及Scheffé多重比較分析法進行資料處理與分析。研究結果發現：一、大部分國中小學生知覺到「不合理」、「不均等」、「不正義」是不公平的，尤其是「不合理」；二、女生、年齡較大、來自大型學校或班級之國中小學生，愈覺得學校教育不公平；三、「不合理」是台灣五到九年級學生（11～15歲）在判斷「不公平」與否時的主要因素，此發現與之前文獻發現幼稚園學生以「不均等」來判斷不公平，或歐洲13～15歲學生以「均等」來判斷公平，有所不同。
This study explores student perceptions of school unfairness in both junior high school (JHS) and elementary school (ES). The study used the “Inventory of the Perception on Schooling Unfairness” (IPSU), consisting of 20 unfair items categorized to three dimensions, unreasonable, unequal, and unjust according to the factor analysis on the 383 samples surveyed in a pretest. The 3,097 participants in the subsequent survey study were from both JHS and ES. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by frequencies and MANOVA. Most students perceived all three dimensions as unfair, especially the unreasonable dimension. Significantly higher perceptions on unfair were found in participants who were female, older, or from larger schools or classes. Unlike the literature reports in which unequal was the predominant unfair perception of preschoolers or equal was the predominant fair principle of most 13-14-year-old students in five European countries, in this study the unreasonable factor was found to play an important role for Taiwan students in the fifth to ninth grades (ages 11-15) in their judgment of unfairness.
期刊論文
1.Dovemark, M.(2013)。How private "everyday racism" and public "racism denial" contribute to unequal and discriminatory educational experiences。Ethnography and Education，8(1)，16-30。  new window
2.Evans, I. M.,、Galyer, K. T.,、Smith, K. J. H.(2001)。Children's perceptions of unfair reward and punishment。The Journal of Genetic Psychology，162(2)，212-227。  new window
3.Ford, D. Y.,、Helms, J. E.(2012)。Overview and introduction: Testing and assessing African Americans: "Unbiased" tests are still unfair。The Journal of Negro Education，81(3)，186-189。  new window
4.Gorard, S.(2011)。The potential determinants of young people's sense of justice: An international study。British Journal of Sociology of Education，32(1)，35-52。  new window
5.Guo, D. Y.(2009)。The students' perspectives on the inequities of schooling in both junior high school and elementary school。Journal of Education，21，1-49。  new window
6.Hancock, T. U.,、Waites, C.,、Kledaras, C. G.(2012)。Facing structural inequality: Students' orientation to oppression and practice with oppressed groups。Journal of Social Work Education，48(1)，5-25。  new window
7.Harden, R. M.、Laidlaw, J. M.(2013)。Be fair to students: Four principles that lead to more effective learning。Medical Teacher，35(1)，27-31。  new window
8.Hishinuma, E. S.,、Fremstad, J. S.(1997)。NCAA college freshmen academic requirements: Academic standards or unfair roadblocks for students。Journal of Learning Disabilities，30(6)，589-598。  new window
9.Smith, E.,、Gorard, S.(2006)。Pupils' views on equity in schools。Journal of Comparative Education，36(1)，41-56。  new window
10.Thorkildsen, T. A.(1989)。Justice in the classroom: The student's view。Child Development，60，323-334。  new window
11.Thorkildsen, T. A.(1993)。Those who can, tutor: High-ability students' conceptions of fair ways to organize learning。Journal of Educational Psychology，85(1)，182-190。  new window
12.Thorkildsen, T. A.、Nolen, S. B.、Fournier, J.(1994)。What is fair? Children's critiques of practices that influence motivation。Journal of Educational Psychology，86(4)，475-486。  new window
13.Thorkildsen, T. A.(1997)。Conceptions of fair learning practices among low-income African American and Latin American children: Acknowledging diversity。Journal of Educational Psychology，89(4)，719-727。  new window
14.Thorkildsen, T. A.,、Sodonis, A.,、White-McNulty, L.(2004)。Epistemology and adolescents' conceptions of procedural justice in school。Journal of Educational Psychology，96(2)，347-359。  new window
15.Thorkildsen, T. A.,、White-McNulty, L(2002)。Developing conceptions of fair contest procedures and the understanding of skill and luck。Journal of Educational Psychology，94(2)，316-326。  new window
16.Walpole, M.,、McDonough, P. M.,、Bauer, C. J.,、Gibson, C.,、Kanyi, K.,、Toliver, R(2005)。The test is unfair: Urban African American and Latino high school students ' perceptions of standardized college admission tests。Urban Education，40(3)，321-349。  new window
17.Hill, M.(2006)。Children's voices on ways of having a voice。Childhood，13(1)，69-89。  new window
18.Konstantareas, M. M.、Desbois N.(2001)。Preschoolers perceptions of the unfairness of maternal disciplinary practices。Child Abuse & Neglect，25(4)，473-488。  new window
19.Tangen, R.(2008)。Listening to children's voices in educational research: some theoretical and methodological problems。European Journal of Special Needs Education，23(2)，157-166。  new window
20.Thomson, N. R.(2007)。Justice in the home: Children’s and adolescents’ perceptions of the fair distribution of household chores。Journal of Moral Education，36，19-36。  new window
學位論文
1.Chitradub, S.(1991)。Inequality in Thai classroom: An eEnthnographic study of classroom interaction，Wisconsin。  new window
圖書
1.Kozol, Jonathan(1992)。Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools。New York：Harper。  new window
2.Mayall , B.(2002)。Towards a sociology of childhood。Toronto, Canada：Open University Press。  new window
3.Merriam, W.(1981)。Webster's third new international dictionary of the English language, unabridged。Boston, MA：G. and C. Merriam.。  new window
4.Rawls, J.(2003)。A theory of justice。Cambridge, MA：The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press。  new window
5.Walster, E.,、Walster, G. W.,、Berscheid, E.(1978)。Equity: Theory & research。Boston, MA：Allyn and Bacon。  new window
6.Baker, B.(1998)。Childhood in the emergence and spread of U.S. public schools。Foucault's challenge: Discourse, knowledge, and power in education。NY：Teachers College Press。  new window
7.Iseke-Barnes, J. M.、Wane, N. N.(2000)。Equity in schools and society。Toronto：Canadian Scholars' Press Inc.。  new window
8.Morgan, C.、Morris, G.(1999)。Good Teaching and Learning: Pupils and Teachers Speak。Buckingham：Open University Press。  new window
9.Damon, W.(1977)。The Social World of the Child。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass, Inc.。  new window
10.Freire, P.、Ramos, M. B.(1999)。Pedagogy of the Oppressed。New York, NY：The Continuum Publishing Company。  new window
11.Cohen, J.(1988)。Statistical power and analysis for the behavioral sciences。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
12.Shavit, Yossi、Blossfeld, Hans-Peter(1993)。Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries。Westview Press。  new window
13.Verma, G. K.(1993)。Teacher education and inequality。Inequality and teacher education: An international perspective。London：The Falmer Press。  new window
其他
1.Dictionary.com.(2012)。Inequity，http://dictionary.reference.comibrowse/inequity.。  new window
 
 
 
 
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