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題名:東勢客家話單字調的實驗研究
書刊名:臺中教育大學學報. 人文藝術類
作者:鄭明中 引用關係
作者(外文):Cheng, Ming-chung
出版日期:2014
卷期:28:2
頁次:頁1-25
主題關鍵詞:客家話聲學聲調音高調長東勢HakkaAcousticsTonePitchTone durationDongshi
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:92
  • 點閱點閱:62
東勢客家話的聲調不僅調查文獻數量不多,且均屬傳統方言學的調查研究。傳統方言學調查研究的優點在於可迅速瞭解當地方言的聲調系統,其缺點在於參與發音的人數少,語音記錄相當主觀。有鑑於此,本研究針對東勢客家話的單字調的基頻長度(調長)、基頻輪廓(調形與調值)、基頻均值、基頻斜率等聲學參數進行分析,並將研究結果與傳統調查相互比較,藉以瞭解傳統調查的正確性。本研究的發音人共計10名(男女各半)。他們透過發音字表,以固定速率唸讀東勢客家話的 個單字調,每個調含6個例字,每個例字唸6次,截頭去尾切取中間5次進行分析,故總共有1080個語音樣本。本研究首先利用PRAAT對語音樣本進行基頻長度的測量、之後在各聲調的基頻曲線上平均取 點並進行各點基頻標準化工作,最後將各點標準化後的聲調調值平均及標準差繪製成聲調格局圖。本研究同時也利用各點的聲調調值平均來計算各聲調的基頻均值、基頻斜率等聲調感知的重要參數,藉以瞭解東勢客家話裡各個聲調彼此之間的區別。本研究對於東勢客家話的調值分析結果如下:陰平[33]、陽平[23]、上聲[41]、去聲[52]、陰入[42]、陽入[54]。本研究有以下的結果:(一)就調長而言,舒聲調長於入聲調,這與傳統調查一致。但本研究將東勢客家話的陽平分析為[23],陽平並未比其他舒聲調長,這與傳統調查將陽平記為超長調[113]或[224]並不相同。(二)東勢客家話的聲調全都可以透過基頻長度、基頻均值或基頻斜率裡的兩個或三個特徵來彼此區分。
Most studies of the tones in Dongshi Hakka belong to the fieldwork surveys of traditional dialectology. The limitation of these studies lies in the few informants and the subjective phonetic transcription by researchers. In view of these weaknesses, this study acoustically explored the fundamental frequencies (F_0) of tones and F_0-realted cues, including F_0 duration, F_0 contour, F_0 mean and F_0 slope of the tones in Dongshi Hakka, and compared the results of this study with those of traditional fieldwork investigations. Ten informants took part in this study, with five males and five females. Informants were required to read a word list with six words for all lexical tones in Dongshi Hakka. Every word was successively read five times, the middle three of which were taken out for analysis, so the total number of sound samples was 1080. The study adopted PRAAT to measure F_0 values and F_0 durations. The F_0 values were then normalized into five-point tonal values. Then, the means and standard deviations of the normalized tonal values of all lexical tones were used to draw the tonal pattern of Dongshi Hakka. The results were stated as follows: Yinping[33], Yangping[23], Shangsheng[41], Qusheng[52], Yinru[42], and Yangru[54]. In terms of F_0 durations, this study was like traditional fieldwork surveys, for non-checked tones were longer than checked tones. Yet, unlike the transcription of traditional fieldwork investigations, this study transcribed the Yangping tone in Dongshi Hakka as [23] rather than [113] or [224], displaying that the Yangping tone was not longer than other non-checked tones. As for tonal distinction, the six tones in Dongshi Hakka can be differentiated by two or three acoustic-perceptual cues of tones, including F_0 mean, F_0 duration, and F_0 slople.
期刊論文
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3.鄭明中(20121200)。An Acoustic Analysis of the Vowel Pattern in Taiwan Sixian Hakka。客家研究,5(2),1-36。new window  new window
4.石鋒、王萍(2006)。北京話單字音聲調的統計分析。中國語文,2006(1),33-40。  延伸查詢new window
5.Fu, Qian-Jie、Zeng, Fan-Gang、Shannon, Robert V.、Soli, Sigfrid D.(1998)。Importance of tonal envelope cues in Chinese speech recognition。Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,104(1),505-510。  new window
6.Khouw, Edward、Ciocca, Valter(2007)。Perceptual correlates of Cantonese tones。Journal of Phonetics,35(1),104-117。  new window
7.石鋒(2006)。實驗音系學與漢語語音分析。南開語言學刊,2006(2),10-25+164。  延伸查詢new window
8.Gandour, Jack(1981)。Perceptual dimensions of tone: Evidence from Cantonese。Journal of Chinese Linguistics,9,20-36。  new window
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11.鄭明中(20130900)。Voice Onset Time of Syllable-Initial Stops in Sixian Hakka: Isolated Syllables。師大學報. 語言與文學類,58(2),193-227。new window  new window
12.Fon, Janice、Chiang, Wen-Yu(1999)。What does Chao have to say about tone?--A case study of Taiwan Mandarin。Journal of Chinese Linguistics,27(1),13-37。  new window
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14.Gandour, Jack(1983)。Tone perception in Far eastern languages。Journal of Phonetics,11,149-175。  new window
15.Xu, Yi(1997)。Contextual tonal variations in Mandarin。Journal of Phonetics,25(1),61-83。  new window
16.Whalen, Douglas H.、Xu, Yi(1992)。Information for Mandarin tones in the amplitude contour and in brief segments。Phonetica,49(1),25-47。  new window
17.Peterson, Gorden E.、Barney, Harold L.(1952)。Control methods used in a study of the vowels。The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,24(2),175-184。  new window
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19.張屏生(19990500)。東勢客家話的超陰平聲調變化。聲韻論叢,8,461-478。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.Liu, Si-yun、Samuel, Arthur G.(2004)。Perception of Mandarin lexical tones when Fo information is neutralized。Language and Speech,47(2),109-138。  new window
會議論文
1.董忠司(1994)。東勢客家語音系統略述及其音標方案。臺灣客家語研討會。新竹市:國立清華大學語言學研究所。(19)1-(19)17。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.黃耀煌(2003)。An Acoustic Study on the Hakka Tones(碩士論文)。National Kaohsiung Normal University,Kaohsiung。  new window
2.江俊龍(2003)。兩岸大埔客家話研究(博士論文)。國立中正大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.江敏華(1998)。臺中縣東勢客語音韻研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.蘇軒正(2010)。大埔、豐順客家話比較研究(碩士論文)。國立中央大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.Liu, Ji-rong(2007)。Tonal Representations and Coarticulation in Ta-pu Hakka(碩士論文)。National Taiwan University,Taipei。  new window
圖書
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15.Coates, Jennifer、Deborah, Cameron(1988)。Women in their speech communities: New perspectives on language and sex。New York:Longman。  new window
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19.Howie, John Marshall(1976)。Acoustical Studies of Mandarin Vowels and Tones。Cambridge University Press。  new window
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22.Yip, Moira Jean Winsland(2002)。Tone。Cambridge University Press。  new window
23.Lehiste, Ilse(1970)。Suprasegmentals。MIT Press。  new window
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圖書論文
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