Criminal Cases of Judge Longtu is commonly referred to as Criminal Cases of Master Pao and is a representative investigation fiction in ancient times. The main character is Pao Zheng in the Song Dynasty, and the book depicts his process of crime investigation. In order to recognize ancient and modern investigation measures, this study analyzes the content of Criminal Cases of Judge Longtu and investigation techniques in the manual of police crime investigation issued by the National Police Agency and extracts the same investigation strategies in ancient and modern times. This article first describes the scenarios in the fiction and elaborates upon the modern crime investigation procedure. In order to allow readers to recognize the consistent investigation principles, this study discusses a related investigation on Criminal Cases of Judge Longtu, including principle of secret investigation, consultation and tracking monitoring, judgment of cases, tracking by stolen goods, public searching, and blanket search. The conclusions are as follows. Although some investigation techniques in ancient times are still applied nowadays, with technology development and evolution of crimes, the police's investigation techniques must be superior at all times in order to effectively solve cases. Crime investigation in both ancient and modern times relies on collaboration of various investigation techniques, and is not achieved by mere single strategy. Crime investigation authority and criminal justice system planning in ancient and modern times are different. The Chinese ancient crime investigation system was based on a combination of administration and justice system. Local administrative officials possessed the authority of both crime investigation and judgment. Thus, in the book, justice and judgment tend to be involved in crime investigation cases.