政府威權體制期之政策，含有犧牲環保之成分。1980年代以來的民主化改革，適 度促進了人民意識的興起扯開啟了國家社會各次體系的良性發展，環保運動有一定的開展， 政府乃經由環保署的設立等以積極回應。當今環保施政總體而言只呈現緩慢之改良，民眾之 環保痛苦不低，主要仍面臨立法、執法時派系、黑金及其他後威權時期殘餘之結構缺失的限 制: 單記不可讓渡選舉制度與地方首長之選舉，尚不能完全反映民眾之環保觀感。其次，政 府以經濟開發為主要任務，對重大開發案無不全力促成，背後固然有國際開發主義或甚至兩 岸競爭之考量，從而非無正當性，但經年以往，已日漸呈現土地、用水、物種等自然界之限 制，環保之改革已涉及政府施政重點之改變及台灣產業競爭優勢之反省，以及兩岸關係的拿 捏。這必須以更為精緻之民主化之國家社會之建立為前提。

　　　　　The environmental policies were neglected in the 1949-1986 period of authoritarian regime, with the consequence of vast environmental pains and institutional disorder left behind. The democratizing reform since 1987, characterized especially with the free elections on national level, has promoted the rights consciousness of the people and helped the subsystems of the comprehensive society to development and elaborate; the environmental policies have been therefore opened. They have been improving themselves ever since, but by implementation many deficits out of political and administrative restraints remain. The single nontransferable voting system failed to identify exactly the environmental needs. Secondly, the central government urges to permit big projects, the civil society get divided thereby, but after decades of 'developmentalism', the natural restraints are getting serious now: this leads to more disputes. Consensus about the economic, industrial and the whole development strategy in the sense of comparative advantage should be built, but here the difficult problem of China-Taiwan begins. This to sophisticate, together with the improvement of implementation above, needs a sophisticated democracy, which remains a challenge for Taiwan.