N450是潛伏期約為350-500毫秒的事件相關電位負波,是反映認知控制的一種重要電生理指標。N450對深入了解認知沖突干擾效應及開展相關臨床研究具有重要的方法學意義。目前研究通過多種實驗干擾任務,從沖突加工性質、階段對其所反映的心理功能進行了探討,同時對N450的臨床應用和個體差異進行了探索,但仍存在較大爭議。未來研究應通過使用更適合的分離性實驗范式與其他技術手段相結合繼續探究N450的心理功能,深化相關理論內涵與擴展應用研究。

The N450 refers to a more negative event-related potentials(ERPs) component in the incongruent condition than that in the congruent or neutral conditions in the Stroop task during the 350-500 ms time window,which may reflect a key biomarker of interference effect in cognitive control.It is of great methodological significance for insights into the nature of cognitive interference in conflict processing and for corresponding clinical studies.The present article reviews a variety of studies on the psychological implications of the N450 by different experimental tasks and variants involving perceptual conflict or response conflict,conflict monitoring or conflict resolution.Then,the clinical application and individual difference concerning the N450 are investigated.Future research is also suggested to elucidate the controversies on mental mechanism of the N450 by combining more valid experimental paradigms and technological approaches.