臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：台灣華語語音變異對詞彙辨識之影響
作者：莊育穎 引用關係
作者(外文)：Yu-Ying Chuang
校院名稱：國立臺灣大學
系所名稱：語言學研究所
指導教授：馮怡蓁
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2017
主題關鍵詞：語音變異；詞彙辨識；變異頻率；社會意涵；說話者信息；台灣華語；phonetic variation；word recognition；variant frequency；social connotation；speaker information；Taiwan Mandarin
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:9
本研究旨在探討台灣華語中語音變異如何影響母語人士詞彙辨識之過程。討論的語音變異現象共五個，包括去捲舌化、捲舌化、/in/→[iŋ]、/iŋ/→[in]以及/əŋ/→[ən]。前二者皆屬音節首子音變異，但由於去捲舌化較捲舌化更常發生於台灣華語，因此二者的出現頻率大相逕庭。後三者則為音節末鼻音變異，且三者間存在著社會意涵之差異：/in/→[iŋ]帶有正面社會意涵，/əŋ/→[ən]相比之下較為中性，而/iŋ/→[in]之社會意涵則最為負面。為了解這些語音變異對書寫詞彙辨識之影響，實驗一以跨感官形式促發實驗檢驗之。在此實驗中，標準體及變異體發音之促發詞以聽覺方式呈現，目標詞則以視覺方式呈現，而受試者須對目標詞做詞彙判斷，共計108位母語人士參與此實驗。結果顯示，變異體發音所造成之促發效果與標準體並無不同。實驗二進一步研究語音變異對口語詞彙辨識之影響。此實驗所使用之方法為聽覺形式促發實驗，因此促發詞及目標詞皆以聽覺方式呈現，共計240位母語人士參與實驗。實驗結果顯示，就促發效果而言，同實驗一，變異體與標準體發音亦產生相似的促發效果。然而在口語詞彙之立即辨識上，變異體及標準體之辨識結果卻有顯著的不同。整體而言，辨識效率與社會意涵息息相關，具正面意涵之發音方式比帶負面意涵之發音方式更易提高辨識效率。此外，變異出現頻率亦對詞彙辨識造成影響，但其效果卻較為薄弱，且影響力不及社會意涵。
基於前二實驗之結果，本研究第二部分探究提供說話者信息是否能影響或改變聽者對語音變異之處理。實驗三使用視覺刺激材料呈現說話者信息，在受試者對口語詞彙做詞彙判斷之前，先令其看到不同說話者之臉部照片。此實驗測試之變異包括去捲舌化及/in/→[iŋ]，共計136位母語人士參與此實驗。結果顯示，當說話者信息與常使用語音變異之族群相符時，變異體發音之辨識效率即有所提升；反之，當二者不相符時，變異體發音之辨識效率則降低。然而，此實驗中說話者信息之效果並不明顯，且並非適用於所有變異。實驗四則以聽覺刺激材料呈現說話者信息。其設計為在目標詞出現前，受試者會聽到不同腔調之句子發音。此實驗測試之語音變異為去捲舌化，共計64位母語人士參與實驗。實驗結果再一次證實，語音變異之處理的確涉及運用整合說話者信息，進而改變詞彙辨識之結果。此外，此實驗中說話者信息之效果，亦較實驗三更為顯著，且其影響力甚至更勝於實驗二所發現之社會意涵之效果。綜合以上結果，本研究顯示台灣華語語音變異之處理，不僅與變異本身之特質有密切關係，亦包含對語言及說話者等其他相關因素之考量，因而對詞彙辨識造成複雜且多層次之影響。
This study investigated how phonetic variation in Taiwan Mandarin affected word recognition of native listeners. Two onset sibilant and three final nasal variations were examined, including deretroflexion, retroflexion, /in/→[iŋ], /iŋ/→[in], and /əŋ/→[ən]. The discrepancy between the two sibilant variations lies in variant frequency, with deretroflexion occurring much more frequently than retroflexion in the language, whereas the three nasal variations differ in social connotation: /in/→[iŋ] is deemed fairly positive, /əŋ/→[ən] is relatively neutral, and /iŋ/→[in] is the most negative. Experiment 1 examined the effect of phonetic variation on written word recognition using a cross-modal form priming paradigm. Auditory primes with either canonical or variant realizations were followed by visual target presentation of the same word, on which listeners performed lexical decision. There were in total 108 native listeners tested. Results showed that for all variations, variant realizations induced comparable priming effects as canonical ones. Experiment 2 investigated how variant pronunciation impacted on spoken word recognition. An auditory form priming design was adopted, in which both primes and targets were presented auditorily. A total of 240 native listeners participated in this experiment. Similar to Experiment 1, the priming effects of both variant and canonical realizations were found comparable. However, the two forms were processed differently in immediate spoken word recognition. In particular, processing efficiency was determined by a given form’s social connotation to a large extent, as socially ideal forms were always better recognized than socially disfavored ones. In addition, variation processing was also subject to variant frequency, although its role seemed to be less decisive and more obscure than that of social connotation.
The second part of this study was devoted to exploring whether the integration of speaker information would alter the processing consequence of variant realizations. Speaker information was embedded in visual primes in Experiment 3, where face photographs of different speakers were presented to listeners before lexical decision on spoken words was performed. One sibilant onset variation (deretroflexion) and one final nasal variation (/in/→[iŋ]) were examined, and in total 136 native listeners were tested. Lexical recognition results showed that in general, congruent speaker information facilitated variation processing while incongruent information impeded it, but the effect was however moderate and variation-dependent. Experiment 4 used auditory primes to present speaker information, in which listeners heard sentence contexts uttered in different accents before spoken target words. This experiment focused on deretroflexion, and 64 native listeners were recruited for participation. Evidence of speaker information integration was again observed, as recognition results changed according to speaker accent primes. Nevertheless, dissimilar to Experiment 3, the magnitude of processing changes was much more prominent, an effect so robust that it even overrode the effect of social connotation revealed in Experiment 2. This study thus demonstrated that phonetic variation in Taiwan Mandarin has a multi-faceted effect on lexical processing, which not only bears an intimate relationship with the intrinsic characteristics of variations but also involves dynamic and complex interactions with a variety of linguistic and indexical factors.
Babel, M., & Russell, J. (2015). Expectations and speech intelligibility. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 137(5), 2823–2833.
Brouwer, S., Mitterer, H., & Huettig, F. (2013). Discourse context and the recognition of reduced and canonical spoken words. Applied Psycholinguistics, 34(3), 519–539.
Brunellière, A., Dufour, S., & Nguyen, N. (2011). Regional differences in the listener’s phonemic inventory affect semantic processing: A mismatch negativity (MMN) study. Brain and Language, 117(1), 45–51.new window
Brunellière, A., Dufour, S., Nguyen, N., & Frauenfelder, U. H. (2009). Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for the impact of regional variation on phoneme perception. Cognition, 111(3), 390–396.
Brunellière, A., & Soto-Faraco, S. (2013). The speakers’ accent shapes the listeners’ phonological predictions during speech perception. Brain and Language, 125(1), 82–93.new window
Chan, H. (1984). The phonetic development of Mandarin /ʐ/ in Taiwan: a sociolinguistic study (MA. thesis). Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei.
Chang, Y. S. (2017). The influence of dialect information on the perception of the Mandarin alveolar-retroflex contrast. Concentric: Studies in Linguistics, 43(1), 1–23.new window
Chang, Y. S., & Shih, C. (2015). Place contrast enhancement: The case of the alveolar and retroflex sibilant production in two dialects of Mandarin. Journal of Phonetics, 50, 52–66.
Chang, Y. S., Shih, C., & Allen, J. B. (2013). Variability in cross-dialect perception of the Mandarin alveolar-retroflex contrast. In Proceedings of International Conference on Phonetics of the Languages in China. Hong Kong.
Chen, C. (1991). Shengdiao de zhuanbian yu kuosan— Taibei butong nianlingqun de quyang [Mandarin tonal variation on a spectrum of age: a sample from Taipei]. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 26(1), 69–99.new window
Chen, M. Y. (2000). Acoustic analysis of simple vowels preceding a nasal in Standard Chinese. Journal of Phonetics, 28(1), 43–67.new window
Chomsky, N., & Halle, M. (1968). The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row.
Chuang, Y.-Y. (2009). An Acoustic Study on Voiceless Retroflex and Dental Sibilants in Taiwan Mandarin Spontaneous Speech (MA. thesis). National Taiwan University, Taipei.
Chuang, Y.-Y., Chiang, Y.-J., & Fon, J. (2012). The effects of context and Min dialect on the realizations of /ʐ/ variants in Taiwan Mandarin. Presented at the the Second Workshop on Sound Change, Kloster Seeon, Germany.
Chung, K. S. (2006). Hypercorrection in Taiwan Mandarin. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 16, 197–214.
Clopper, C. G. (2012). Effects of dialect variation on the semantic predictability benefit. Language and Cognitive Processes, 27(7–8), 1002–1020.
Clopper, C. G., & Pisoni, D. B. (2004). Homebodies and army brats: Some effects of early linguistic experience and residential history on dialect categorization. Language Variation and Change, 16(1), 31–48.new window
Clopper, C. G., Tamati, T. N., & Pierrehumbert, J. B. (2016). Variation in the strength of lexical encoding across dialects. Journal of Phonetics, 58, 87–103.
Connine, C. M. (2004). It’s not what you hear but how often you hear it: On the neglected role of phonological variant frequency in auditory word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11(6), 1084–1089.
Connine, C. M., Ranbom, L. J., & Patterson, D. J. (2008). Processing variant forms in spoken word recognition: the role of variant frequency. Perception & Psychophysics, 70(3), 403–411.
Conrey, B., Potts, G. F., & Niedzielski, N. A. (2005). Effects of dialect on merger perception: ERP and behavioral correlates. Brain and Language, 95(3), 435–449.
Cutler, A., Eisner, F., McQueen, J. M., & Norris, D. (2010). How abstract phonemic categories are necessary for coping with speaker-related variation. In C. Fougeron, B. Kuehnert, M. D’Imperio, & N. Vallée (Eds.), Laboratory phonology 10 (pp. 91–111). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Cutler, A., Smits, R., & Cooper, N. (2005). Vowel perception: Effects of non-native language vs. non-native dialect. Speech Communication, 47(1–2), 32–42.
Dilley, L. C., & Pitt, M. A. (2010). Altering context speech rate can cause words to appear or disappear. Psychological Science, 21(11), 1664–1670.
Dong, Z. -s. (1995). Taiwan hanyu fanyan yingxiangxia de ruogan “Guoyu” shengmu bianti chugao [First draft of several initial variants in Mandarin under the influence of Chinese dialects in Taiwan]. Yu3wen2 Xue2bao4, 2, 1–28.
Drager, K. (2011). Speaker Age and Vowel Perception. Language and Speech, 54(1), 99–121.new window
Duffy, S. A., Henderson, J. M., & Morris, R. K. (1989). Semantic facilitation of lexical access during sentence processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15(5), 791–801.
Dufour, S., Brunellière, A., & Nguyen, N. (2013). To What Extent do we Hear Phonemic Contrasts in a Non-native Regional Variety? Tracking the Dynamics of Perceptual Processing with EEG. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 42(2), 161–173.
Dufour, S., Kriegel, S., Alleesaib, M., & Nguyen, N. (2014). The perception of the French /s/-/ʃ/ contrast in early Creole-French bilinguals. Frontiers in Psychology, 5.
Dufour, S., Nguyen, N., & Frauenfelder, U. H. (2007). The perception of phonemic contrasts in a non-native dialect. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(4), EL131-EL136.
Dufour, S., Nguyen, N., & Frauenfelder, U. H. (2010). Does training on a phonemic contrast absent in the listener’s dialect influence word recognition? The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 128(1), EL43-EL48.new window
Ernestus, M., Baayen, H., & Schreuder, R. (2002). The Recognition of Reduced Word Forms. Brain and Language, 81(1–3), 162–173.
Evans, B. G., & Iverson, P. (2004). Vowel normalization for accent: An investigation of best exemplar locations in northern and southern British English sentences. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115(1), 352–361.new window
Evans, B. G., & Iverson, P. (2007). Plasticity in vowel perception and production: A study of accent change in young adults. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(6), 3814–3826.
Federmeier, K. D. (2007). Thinking ahead: the role and roots of prediction in language comprehension. Psychophysiology, 44(4), 491–505.
Floccia, C., Goslin, J., Girard, F., & Konopczynski, G. (2006). Does a regional accent perturb speech processing? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32(5), 1276–1293.
Fon, J., Hung, J. -m., Huang, Y.-H., & Hsu, H. -j. (2011). Dialectal variations on syllable-final nasal mergers in Taiwan Mandarin. Language and Linguistics, 12(2), 273–311.
Gaskell, M. G., & Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1998). Mechanisms of phonological inference in speech perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 24(2), 380–396.
Gaskell, M. G., & Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (2001). Lexical ambiguity resolution and spoken word recognition: Bridging the gap. Journal of Memory and Language, 44(3), 325–349.
Gick, B., & Derrick, D. (2009). Aero-tactile integration in speech perception. Nature, 462(7272), 502–504.
Goldinger, S. D. (1996). Words and voices: episodic traces in spoken word identification and recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(5), 1166–1183.
Goldinger, S. D. (1998). Echoes of echoes? An episodic theory of lexical access. Psychological Review, 105(2), 251–279.
Gow, D. W. (2002). Does English coronal place assimilation create lexical ambiguity? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28(1), 163–179.new window
Gow, D. W. (2003). Feature parsing: Feature cue mapping in spoken word recognition. Perception & Psychophysics, 65(4), 575–590.
Hay, J., & Drager, K. (2010). Stuffed toys and speech perception. Linguistics, 48(4), 865–892.
Hay, J., Drager, K., & Warren, P. (2010). Short-term exposure to one dialect affects processing of another. Language and Speech, 53(Pt 4), 447–471.
Hay, J., Nolan, A., & Drager, K. (2006). From fush to feesh: Exemplar priming in speech perception. The Linguistic Review, 23(3), 351–379.
Hay, J., Warren, P., & Drager, K. (2006). Factors influencing speech perception in the context of a merger-in-progress. Journal of Phonetics, 34(4), 458–484.
Hsu, H. -j., & Tse, J. K.-P. (2007). Syllable-final nasal mergers in Taiwan Mandarin—Leveled but puzzling. Concentric: Studies in Linguistics, 33(1), 1–18.new window
Hu, Y. (2015). A study on position change, transformation and omission in pronunciation indications of frequently-used pictophonetic characters. Soochow Journal of Chinese Studies, 30, 349–370.
Huang, S. (1993). Yuyan, shehui yu zuqun yishi -- Taiwan yuyan shehuixue de yanjiu [Language, society, and ethnic identity -- Studies in language sociology in Taiwan]. Taipei: Crane Publisher.
Ing, R. O. (1984). Youguan huayu fayin de yixie wenti [Issues on the pronunciations of Mandarin]. The World of Chinese Language, 35, 6–16.
Ing, R. O. (1985). Guoyu fayin zai Taiwan: muqian qushi yu yiban cuowu zhi tantao [Mandarin pronunciation in Taiwan: an analysis of recent trends and errors]. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on the Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (pp. 414–425). Taipei: Word Chinese Language Association.
Jannedy, S., & Weirich, M. (2014). Sound change in an urban setting: Category instability of the palatal fricative in Berlin. Laboratory Phonology, 5(1), 91–122.new window
Janson, T., & Schulman, R. (1983). Non-distinctive features and their use. Journal of Linguistics, 19(2), 321–336.
Jeng, J.-Y. (2006). The acoustic spectral characteristics of retroflexed fricatives and affricates in Taiwan Mandarin. Journal of Humanistic Studies, 40, 27–48.
Jesse, A., & McQueen, J. M. (2011). Positional effects in the lexical retuning of speech perception. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18(5), 943–950.
Johnson, K. (1997). Speech perception without speaker normalization: An exemplar model. In K. Johnson & J. W. Mullennix (Eds.), Talker Variability in Speech Processing (pp. 145–165). San Diego: Academic Press.
Johnson, K. (2004). Massive reduction in conversational American English. In K. Yoneyama & K. Maekawa (Eds.), Spontaneous Speech: Data and Analysis (pp. 29–54). Tokyo, Japan: The National International Institute for Japanese Language.
Johnson, K., Strand, E. A., & D’Imperio, M. (1999). Auditory–visual integration of talker gender in vowel perception. Journal of Phonetics, 27(4), 359–384.
Jordan, T. R., & Thomas, S. M. (2002). In search of perceptual influences of sentence context on word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(1), 34–45.new window
Koops, C., Gentry, E., & Pantos, A. (2008). The effect of perceived speaker age on the perception of PIN and PEN vowels in Houston, Texas. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 14(2), 91–101.
Kraljic, T., & Samuel, A. (2006). Generalization in perceptual learning for speech. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13(2), 262–268.
Kubler, C. C. (1985). The influence of Southern Min on the Mandarin of Taiwan. Anthropological Linguistics, 27, 156–176.
Labov, W. (1990). The intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change. Language Variation and Change, 2, 205–254.
Ladefoged, P., & Broadbent, D. E. (1957). Information Conveyed by Vowels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 29(1), 98–104.new window
Ladefoged, P., & Wu, Z. (1984). Places of articulation: An investigation of Pekingese fricatives and affricates. Journal of Phonetics, 12, 267–278.
Lahiri, A., & Marslen-Wilson, W. (1991). The mental representation of lexical form: A phonological approach to the recognition lexicon. Cognition, 38(3), 245–294.
Lai, Y. (2009). Acoustic correlates of Mandarin nasal codas and their contribution to perceptual saliency. Concentric: Studies in Linguistics, 35(2), 143–166.
Lei, H.-Y. (2016). The Effect of Prosody and Dialectal Difference on Syllable-final Nasal Mergers in Taiwan Mandarin Spontaneous Speech (MA. thesis). National Taiwan University, Taipei.
Li, F., Edwards, J., & Beckman, M. E. (2009). Contrast and covert contrast: The phonetic development of voiceless sibilant fricatives in English and Japanese toddlers. Journal of Phonetics, 37(1), 111–124.new window
Li, F., Munson, B., Edwards, J., Yoneyama, K., & Hall, K. (2011). Language specificity in the perception of voiceless sibilant fricatives in Japanese and English: Implications for cross-language differences in speech-sound development. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 129(2), 999–1011.
Li, M.-C. (1995). A sociolinguistic variation study of Chinese retroflex initials /tʂ/, /tʂh/ and /ʂ/ in Taiwan (MA. thesis). Providence University, Taichung.
Li, Y.-S. (2010). Effects of lexical frequency and neighborhood density on incomplete neutralization in Taiwan Mandarin (Ph.D. dissertation). National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi.
Lin, Chienjer Charles. (2002). Nasal endings of Taiwan Mandarin: production, perception, and linguistic change. Presented at the 35th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
Lin, Chun Chung. (1983). A sociolinguistic study of the use of the retroflex sounds in Mandarin in college studennts in Taiwan. Bulletin, College of Arts and Letters, National Central University, 1–15.
Lin, Y.-H. (1988). Consonant variation in Taiwan Mandarin. In K. Ferrara, B. Brown, K. walters, & J. Baugh (Eds.), Linguistic change and contact (Proceedings of the 16th Annual New Ways of Analyzing Variation in Language Conference), Texas Linguistics Forum 30 (pp. 200–208). Austin: University of Texas, Department of Linguistics.
Ma, P.-Y. (2006). Social stereotypes and accent perception in Taiwan (MA. thesis). National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi.
Macken, M. A., & Barton, D. (1980). The acquisition of the voicing contrast in English: a study of voice onset time in word-initial stop consonants. Journal of Child Language, 7(1), 41–74.new window
Mayo, L. H., Florentine, M., & Buus, S. (1997). Age of second-language acquisition and perception of speech in noise. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research: JSLHR, 40(3), 686–693.
McClelland, J. L., & Elman, J. L. (1986). The TRACE model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 1–86.new window
McGowan, K. B. (2015). Social expectation improves speech perception in noise. Language and Speech, 58(Pt 4), 502–521.
McGurk, H., & MacDonald, J. (1976). Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature, 264(5588), 746–748.
McQueen, J. M., Cutler, A., & Norris, D. (2006). Phonological Abstraction in the Mental Lexicon. Cognitive Science, 30(6), 1113–1126.
Miller, J. L., & Grosjean, F. (1997). Dialect Effects in Vowel Perception: The Role of Temporal Information in French. Language and Speech, 40(3), 277–288.
Ministry of Education of Taiwan. (2000). The Concise Version of Mandarin Dictionary. Retrieved from http://dict.concised.moe.edu.tw/jbdic/
Mitterer, H., Chen, Y., & Zhou, X. (2011). Phonological Abstraction in Processing Lexical-Tone Variation: Evidence From a Learning Paradigm. Cognitive Science, 35(1), 184–197.new window
Niedzielski, N. (1999). The Effect of Social Information on the Perception of Sociolinguistic Variables. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18(1), 62–85.new window
Niedzielski, N. (2002). Attitudes Toward Midwestern American English. In D. Long & D. R. Preston (Eds.), Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology (pp. 323–329). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Nygaard, L., & Pisoni, D. (1998). Talker-specific learning in speech perception. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 60(3), 355–376.
Otake, T., & Cutler, A. (1999). Perception of suprasegmental structure in a non-native dialect. Journal of Phonetics, 27(3), 229–253.
Pierrehumbert, J. B. (2002). Word-specific phonetics. In C. Gussenhoven & N. Warner (Eds.), Laboratory Phonology VII (pp. 101–139). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Pinnow, E., & Connine, C. M. (2014). Phonological variant recognition: representations and rules. Language and Speech, 57(1), 42–67.new window
Pitt, M. A. (2009). The strength and time course of lexical activation of pronunciation variants. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 35(3), 896–910.
Ranbom, L. J., & Connine, C. M. (2007). Lexical representation of phonological variation in spoken word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 57(2), 273–298.
Rau, D. -h., & Li, M.-C. (1994). Phonological variation study of Chinese retroflexed initials (ts) (tsh) (s). Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language, 345–366.
Rubin, D. L. (1992). Nonlanguage factors affecting undergraduates’ judgments of nonnative English-speaking teaching assistants. Research in Higher Education, 33(4), 511–531.
Simpson, G. B., Peterson, R. R., Casteel, M. A., & Burgess, C. (1989). Lexical and sentence context effects in word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15(1), 88–97.new window
Snoeren, N. D., Seguí, J., & Hallé, P. A. (2008). On the role of regular phonological variation in lexical access: Evidence from voice assimilation in French. Cognition, 108(2), 512–521.
Stevens, K. N., Li, Z., Lee, C.-Y., & Keyser, S. J. (2004). A note on Mandarin fricatives and enhancement. In G. Fant, H. Fujisaki, J. Cao, & Y. Xu (Eds.), From Traditional Phonology to Modern Speech Processing (pp. 393–403). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Strand, E. A. (1999). Uncovering the Role of Gender Stereotypes in Speech Perception. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18(1), 86–100.new window
Su, H.-Y. (2008). What does it mean to be a girl with qizhi?:Refinement, gender and language ideologies in contemporary Taiwan. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12(3), 334–358.
Su, H.-Y. (2012). The social implications of syllable-final nasal mergers in Taiwan Mandarin: A variation study. Language and Linguistics, 13(4), 767–802.
Sumner, M., & Kataoka, R. (2013). Effects of phonetically-cued talker variation on semantic encoding. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134(6), EL485-EL491.
Sumner, M., Kim, S. K., King, E., & McGowan, K. B. (2014). The socially weighted encoding of spoken words: a dual-route approach to speech perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 4.
Sumner, M., & Samuel, A. G. (2005). Perception and representation of regular variation: The case of final /t/. Journal of Memory and Language, 52(3), 322–338.
Sumner, M., & Samuel, A. G. (2009). The effect of experience on the perception and representation of dialect variants. Journal of Memory and Language, 60(4), 487–501.
Theodore, R. M., Blumstein, S. E., & Luthra, S. (2015). Attention modulates specificity effects in spoken word recognition: Challenges to the time-course hypothesis. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77(5), 1674–1684.
Tse, J. K.-P. (1989). Degrees of retroflexion and the “empty vowel” in Mandarin Chinese. Studies in English Literature and Linguistics, 15, 95–100.
Tse, J. K.-P. (1992). Production and perception of syllable final [n] and [ŋ] in Mandarin Chinese: an experimental study. Studies in English Literature and Linguistics, 18, 143–156.
Tse, J. K.-P. (1998). Taiwan diqu nianqingren ㄓㄔㄕ yu ㄗㄘㄙ zhende bufen ma? [Do the young people of Taiwan really not distinguish between zh-, ch-, sh- and z-, c-, s-?]. The World of Chinese Language, 90, 1–7.
Tseng, S.-C. (2013). Lexical coverage in Taiwan Mandarin conversation. Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, 18(1), 1–18.new window
van Heugten, M., & Johnson, E. K. (2016). Toddlers’ Word Recognition in an Unfamiliar Regional Accent: The Role of Local Sentence Context and Prior Accent Exposure. Language and Speech, 59(3), 353–363.
Wu, J.-T., Yang, F.-L., & Lin, W.-C. (2013). Beyond phonology matters in character recognition. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 55(3), 289–318.
Yang, J. H. (2010). Phonetic evidence for the nasal coda shift in Mandarin. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, 8(1), 29–58.new window
Yeh, Y.-C. (2015). The Effect of Age and Prosody on Syllable-final Nasal Mergers in Taiwan Mandarin Spontaneous Speech (MA. thesis). National Taiwan University, Taipei.
Yueh, L.-C. (1992). The Drift of the Velar Nasal in Taiwan Mandarin: A Sociolinguistic Survey (MA. thesis). Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：584（臺灣：562，外國：22） ／ 本年度總使用人次：2111296 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67913621
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上