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題名：建構華語約會節目中理想之男性與女性
作者：向梓維
作者(外文)：HSIANG, TZU-WEI
校院名稱：國立中正大學
系所名稱：語言學研究所
指導教授：何德華
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2019
主題關鍵詞：理想中的男性與女性；意識形態；譬喻使用；電視約會節目；台灣與中國大陸；The notion of desirability；Ideology；Metaphor；TV dating shows；Taiwan and Mainland Chin
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本論文想要建構何謂華語電視約會節目中理想的男性與女性，採用Gumperz (2001)的互動社會語言學，Van Dijk (1993與2001)的批判性論述，Fauconnier and Turner (2002) 的心理空間理論 及Lakoff and Johnson (1980)所提出的概念性隱喻
理論為理論架構。
本論文有兩個研究問題，分別為（1）如何建構所謂的理想中的男性與女性？在此建構中呈現出什麼樣的意識型態？（2）如何使用隱喻來建構理想中的男性與女性及呈現出什麼的意識型態？本研究使用214集分別來自台灣及大陸的電視約會節目為語料，語料又依據兩個研究問題而區分為兩部份。研究問題（1）只探討三個言談事件中的言論，這三個言談事件分別為參與者之自我介紹，拒絕之理由，推薦人之推薦。研究問題（2）只分析有使用隱喻的言論。
針對研究問題（1），結果顯示參與者在建構理想男性與女性時會使用不同之策略。在建構理想男性中，參與者會提及不同的個性，譬如 ”專一” ,”有目標” ,”事業有成” ,”霸道” ,”自命不凡”等。而這些個性呈現出兩種之意識型態，第一為理想中的男性認為他們是具有掌控權的，女性皆為他們之附屬品，第二種為展現出專情的意識型態。而在建構理想女性中，理想中的女性傾向放低姿態，譬如她們會認為待在家裡照顧小孩及沒有個人主見為理想女性之表現，而這種表現呈現出女性為男性附屬品之意識型態，她們會傾向放低姿態來討好男性。
研究問題（2）結果顯示參與者在建構理想男性與女性時會採用不同的譬喻方式。在建構理想男性中，參與者會用四種不同的類型來呈現譬喻的使用，分別為”金錢”中”超貸” ,”權力”中的”自動導航系統” ,” 科技化”中的”空調” ,”人格特質”中的”螞蟻上樹”。這四種類型所呈現的意識型態根據不同的譬喻例句可以是具掌控性的或是附屬的。而在建構理想女性中，參與者傾向採用”柔弱”之方式，她們會用”肋骨” ,”美人魚” ,”白紙”等譬喻字眼來呈現出理想的女性應該要有”柔弱”的感覺，在這些絕大多數的譬喻使用中，呈現出一種附屬品，順從的意識型態。
從上面的研究結果，讀者可以了解到參與者是如何建構電視約會節目中理想的男性與女性，以及提供讀者對性別研究有不同的觀點。本論文的研究結果提供電視約會節目的製作單位在提升配對成功率上很好的參考。
This dissertation examines how the notion of desirable males and females is constructed in Chinese TV dating shows. The study adopts the theoretical frameworks of interactional sociolinguistics (IS) (Gumperz 2001), critical discourse analysis (CDA) (Van Dijk 1993; 2001), blending theory (Fauconnier and Turner 2002), and conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) (Lakoff and Johnson 1980).
Two research questions are addressed in this study: (1) How is desirability constructed? What ideology is embedded in the construction of desirability? (2) What metaphors are used to construct desirability? What ideology is embedded in the metaphors?
A total of 214 episodes from two TV dating shows in Taiwan and Mainland China were analyzed to answer the two research questions. For the first research question, the author analyzed utterances in three speech events: participants’ introduction, reasons for refusal, and recommenders’ recommendations. For the second research question, only utterances with metaphorical usages were analyzed.
Regarding the first research question, participants constructed images of desirable males and females using different strategies. In constructing desirable males, they tended to address various personality traits, such as “專一 faithful,” “有目標 a clear objective,” “事業有成 having a successful career,” “霸道 strong-willed” or “自命不凡 self-confident.” Those personality traits represent two kinds of ideologies. First, they involve the males viewing themselves as dominant and the females as their subordinates. Second, they involve faithfulness. In constructing desirable females, they tended to emphasize a low profile. For example, a desirable female is one who stays at home and takes care of children, or one who does not assert her own opinions. All of this construction supports the ideology of females being subordinate to males and placed in a low profile.
For the second research question, participants also constructed notions of desirable males and females by using different strategies of metaphorical usage. In constructing desirable males, they tended to refer to four categories related to metaphorical usage. First is “超貸 over pay” in “金錢 money.” Second is “自動導航 automatic navigation system” in “權力 power.” Third is “產品 product” in “科技化 technology.” Fourth is “螞蟻上樹 ants climbing a tree” in “人格特質 personality.” The ideologies within these categories can be subordinate or dominant depending on different metaphorical terms. In constructing desirable females, they tended to adopt the “柔弱delicate” strategy. In their constructions, the metaphorical terms “肋骨 rib,” “美人魚 Little Mermaid” and “白紙 paper” were used to convey the strategy of “柔弱delicate” as being representative of desirable females. Their ideologies tended to be subordinate and passive.
The results of this dissertation lead to a better understanding of how participants in TV dating shows construct the notion of desirability and what ideologies are used. In addition, the results can provide readers with new perspectives on gender issues and can also be referenced by companies that produce TV dating shows in order to improve participants’ chances of getting successful dates.
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