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題名:矯正機構收容少年欺凌被害經驗與生活適應關聯性之研究
作者:黃鴻禧
作者(外文):HUANG HUNG SHI
校院名稱:中央警察大學
系所名稱:犯罪防治研究所
指導教授:周文勇
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:低自我控制欺凌副文化欺凌被害經驗生活適應low self-controlsubculture of bullyingbullying experienceslife adaptation
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近年來少年矯正機構收容人數逐年減少,多起管理上疏失事件均被臆測與少年欺凌被害有關,機構欺凌事件易成為戒護管理的潛在危機,且對少年身心產生深遠的影響,值得深入探討。本研究以少年矯正學校及少年輔育院男性收容少年有效樣本997名為研究對象,探討欺凌被害經驗與生活適應之關聯性。
研究發現,收容少年於受試前6個月在機構內,1個月發生1次以上欺凌加害事件之情形為24.7%,欺凌被害事件之情形為23.5%,各欺凌類型中均以言語欺凌比率最高。少年自陳欺凌情形並不嚴重,依其欺凌加害及被害經驗進行分類,其中欺凌者195名(20.5%),被凌者98名(10.3%),欺凌/被凌雙重身分者321名(33.8%),未參與者336名(35.4%)。
收容少年在生理適應及人際適應情形良好,心理適應情形較為分歧;未參與者整體生活適應情形最佳,其次依序為欺凌者、欺凌/被凌雙重身分者及被凌者。犯罪類型、執行期間、低自我控制、機構欺凌防制作為、欺凌副文化、欺凌被害經驗及壓力因應策略對生活適應均具有顯著解釋力,其中以欺凌被害經驗之言語欺凌被害及關係欺凌被害對生活適應有最大的解釋力。
機構別在欺凌防制作為、欺凌副文化、欺凌被害經驗、壓力因應策略及生活適應等變項均呈現顯著差異;欺凌角色在低自我控制、欺凌副文化、壓力因應策略及生活適應等變項均呈現顯著差異。低自我控制及欺凌副文化是欺凌被害的重要影響因素,欺凌防制作為具有導正欺凌副文化的作用;壓力因應策略主要受到個人基本特性的影響,但機構收容少年遭受欺凌時,其因應策略顯著受到欺凌副文化的影響。
本研究建議將少年矯正機構納入學生輔導法適用對象;強化機構教育人員及矯正人員職前訓練及在職訓練,建構有效的專業協助與支援,提升欺凌防治效能;檢討欺凌預防作為,研議推動欺凌防治個別化計畫;強化班級經營,導正欺凌副文化;提供值得信賴的反欺凌反映管道;整合輔導及醫療資源,加強被凌者及欺凌/被凌者之心理輔導工作;積極協助少年發展非暴力的認知與行為,提升自我控制能力,期能減少欺凌事件的發生,促進少年的生活適應。
In recent years, although the number of incarcerated juveniles has gradually decreased, there are several incidents of mismanagement, which have been speculated to be related to bullying. Since the bullying incidents in correctional facilities would easily turn into potential threats and have profoundly impact on the juvenile inmate, it is worth discussing thoroughly. 997 male juveniles were collected and surveyed from Juvenile Correctional School and Juvenile Reform School in this study. These data provide an opportunity to explore the relevance between bullying experiences and life adaptation.
The data shows that 24.7% of bullying incidents and 23.5% of incidents of being bullied happened more than once a month within 6 months before surveyed. Verbal bullying has the highest proportion among all types of bullying incidents. This survey indicated that the bullying incidents were not serious. Data were classified by characteristics of bullying and victim into four categories: bully (20.5%), victim (10.3%), both (bully-victim, 33.8%), and not-involved (35.4%).
The finding reveals that juvenile inmates adapted very well physically and interpersonally in facilities, but their psychological adaptation were different. Overall the not-involved one had the best life adaptation, followed by those who were bullies, bully/victims, and victims. There are also several factors can significantly explain their life adaptation, including the types of their crime, incarcerated duration, low self-control, control measures in facilities, the subculture of bullying, bullying experiences and stress coping strategy. Among these factors, the verbal bullying and the relational bullying provide the best explanatory power to life adaptation.
Different facilities appeared significant different in the variables of control measures, bullying subculture, victim experiences, stress coping strategy and life adaptation. The bullying roles also appeared significant different in the variable of low self-control, bullying subculture, stress coping strategy, and life adaptation. To be more specific, low self-control and the subculture of bullying are the important influencing factors of bullying victim, and the control measures can affect the subculture of bullying. Juvenile’s stress coping strategy was mainly affected by individual characteristics. However, when the juvenile inmates were bullied, their coping skills were seriously affected by the bullying subculture.
This study suggests as follows: 1. making Student Guidance and Counseling Act applicable towards the juvenile correctional facilities. 2. strengthen the pre-service training and on-the-job training for the education employees and the corrections officers of the facilities in order to provide effective and professional assistance and support, eventually improve the performance of bullying-prevention. 3. reviewing control measures and to promote individualized bullying prevention project. 4. strengthen the management of classes and redirect the subculture of bullying. 5. provide trustworthy appeal system. 6. integrate consultative and medical resources, reinforce psychological counseling for the juveniles 7. assist juveniles to develop non-violent cognition and behavior and to strengthen self-control abilities.
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