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題名:護理人員職家衝突與情緒耗竭關係之探討—以資源保存理論觀點
作者:廖偉志
作者(外文):Wei-Chih Liao
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系所
指導教授:林金賢
張瑞元
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2021
主題關鍵詞:職家衝突情緒耗竭生活滿意度工作滿意度友善家庭工作文化知覺主管支持護理人員work-family conflictemotional exhaustionlife satisfactionjob satisfactionfamily-friendly work cultureperceived supervisor supportnursing staff
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工作與家庭都是個人很重要的生活領域,因此職場工作者往往在家庭和工作之間進行資源分配。依資源保存理論而言,當個人面對工作與家庭 的資源需求衝突時,資源的不足會造成個人心理壓力,進而造成情緒資源的耗盡,即情緒耗竭。護理工作負荷重,人員常會面對如何在職場與家庭分配精力與時間的抉擇,在持續心理壓力下,容易會出現情緒耗竭的情形。本研究將針對台灣護理人員職家衝突的前因與後果進行探討。
  生活滿意度是比較自己的生活條件是否符合標準所做的整體評估。工作滿意度能整體評估一個人的工作狀態或每日工作的不同面向。生活滿意度及工作滿意度都是個人評估生活或工作資源的結果。依壓力互動理論,個人在評估壓力源與個人所擁有的資源後,會採用不同因應策略,繼而造成不同的後果。當職家衝突資源流失侵害到個人生活或工作資源時,個人會評估自己的資源,若無法滿足生活或工作的需求,心理壓力會上升,情緒資源會快速消耗而產生情緒耗竭。因此,職家衝突可能透過工作滿意度或生活滿意度的中介,影響情緒耗竭。
  職場上的社會支持,可以視為一種緩衝性資源,用來交換或加強其他缺少的資源。其中,友善家庭工作文化可視為一種資源,協助緩解個人工作與生活需求的衝突,減輕員工的情緒耗竭情形。而主管支持能使員工有更好的決策機會及資源,能改善員工的壓力與減輕焦慮。本研究探討友善家庭工作文化及知覺主管支持在工作妨礙家庭(WIF)與情緒耗竭關係中所扮演的角色。
  本論文分為三個研究。在研究一,我們以台灣某區域醫院561位護理人員為樣本,利用紙本問卷進行調查。我們將職家衝突分為WIF及家庭妨礙工作(FIW)兩個面向,以生活滿意度及工作滿意度為中介因子,探討與情緒耗竭的關係。分析結果得知,WIF可透過生活滿意度的中介,對情緒耗竭產生影響。同樣地,FIW可以透過工作滿意度的中介,對情緒耗竭產生影響。因此,若要減低WIF及FIW對情緒耗竭的衝擊,可以著重在如何提高員工生活滿意度與工作滿意度。
  在研究二,我們同樣以某區域醫院561位護理人員為樣本,探討友善家庭工作文化對WIF的作用,以及友善家庭工作文化是否能透過WIF及生活滿意度的中介,影響情緒耗竭。分析結果得知,友善家庭工作文化能改善WIF,並進一步提高生活滿意度,進而影響情緒耗竭。本研究指出友善家庭工作文化對WIF與情緒耗竭的重要性。
  在研究三,我們以某區域醫院急診及加護病房161位女性護理人員為樣本,探討WIF在知覺主管支持的調節作用下,是否透過生活滿意度中介影響情緒耗竭。結果顯示,知覺主管支持可以調節改善WIF對生活滿意度的關係。另外,WIF在知覺主管支持的作用下,會透過生活滿意度中介影響情緒耗竭。本研究指出,儘管女性員工生活重心可能在家庭,但工作場所相關WIF與知覺主管支持的資源整合,對生活滿意度的改善仍有顯著影響,進一步影響情緒耗竭。
  本論文以護理人員為樣本,探討職家衝突與情緒耗竭的關係。本研究除了指出台灣護理人員生活滿意度及工作滿意度在職家衝突與情緒耗竭關係的中介角色外,亦探討友善家庭工作文化與知覺主管支持在上述關係所扮演的角色,為醫療機構對護理人員情緒耗竭提供可行的解決方法。未來研究可以考慮採用 縱向設計的架構了解職家衝突與情緒耗竭的因果關係。
 Work and family are very important for individuals, workers often assign resources to family and work. According to the Theory of Conservation of Resources, the lack of resources would result in emotional stress when an individual is up against the dilemma between work and family demands. Furtherly, durative stress would bring about emotional exhaustion. Nursing staff deal with various heavy workloads, so they often get caught up in how to allocate time and energy between work and family. Under these psychological stress, their emotional resource is prone to exhaust. This article pays attention to the causes and effects of work-family conflict among nursing staff in Taiwan.
In addition, life satisfaction is an overall assessment made by comparing whether one''s living condition meet the standards. Job satisfaction is an evaluation of the whole work status or different aspects of daily work. Both imply the results of resource evaluation. When work-family conflict occurs, the loss of resources would damage one’s living condition. According to the transactional theory of stress, after evaluating the stressor and the resources that the individual possesses, one would adopt different response strategies which leading to different consequences.
After assessing his resources, emotional exhaustion would happen if one’s condition does not meet the standard criteria of life and job. That is, there are mediating roles of life satisfaction and job satisfaction on the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion.
Social support in the workplace can view as a buffer in exchange for lacking resources. Family-friendly work culture, regarded as a kind of resource, helps to coordinate the conflict between work and family demands and lessen the emotional exhaustion of employees.
Supervisor support improves employees'' stress and reduces anxiety by providing better decision-making opportunities and resources. The article talks about the roles of family-friendly work culture and perceived supervisor support in the relationship between work interference with family(WIF)and emotional exhaustion.
The article is divided into three studies. In Study 1, we separate the work-family conflict into work interference with family and family interference with work(FIW)to explore the relationship with emotional exhaustion. We also test the mediation effects of life satisfaction and job satisfaction. Totally 561 nurses in a regional hospital in Taiwan completed the questionnaires. The results show that WIF impacts emotional exhaustion through the mediation of life satisfaction, and FIW impacts emotional exhaustion through the mediation of job satisfaction. Therefore, improving employees'' life satisfaction and job satisfaction is important to reduce the impact of WIF and FIW on emotional exhaustion,
In Study 2, we surveyed 561 nurses in a regional hospital by questionnaire. It explores the effect of family-friendly work culture on WIF and whether family-friendly work culture impacts on emotional exhaustion by the mediating effect of WIF and life satisfaction. The result shows family-friendly work culture improves WIF, affects life satisfaction and improves emotional exhaustion. This study points out the importance of family-friendly work culture for improving WIF and emotional exhaustion.
In Study 3, 161 female nurses in the emergency room and intensive care units of a regional hospital are investigated to explore if WIF impacts on emotional exhaustion by the mediating effect of life satisfaction and the moderating effect of perceived supervisor support in the relationship between WIF and life satisfaction. The results show that perceived supervisor support moderates the relationship between WIF and life satisfaction, and the mediating effect of life satisfaction is significant. The possible reason is that, when WIF harms life condition, female employees would pay more attention on their family. The integration resource of WIF and supervisor support in workplace, impacts on emotional exhaustion by mediating effect of life satisfaction.
The article explores the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion among nursing staff. It not only provides advanced information about the mediating roles of life satisfaction and job satisfaction but also reveals the roles of family-friendly work culture and perceived supervisor support. The researches offer feasible solutions to the emotional exhaustion of nursing staff. Future research may design a longitudinal framework to determine the causal relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion.
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網路資源
Rogel, C. (2014). The 12 attributes of a strong organizational culture. Talent Management and HR. https://www.tlnt.com/the-12-attributes-of-a-strong-organizational-culture/
 
 
 
 
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