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本文之目的，是要對美國雇主對其員工（或應徵者）進行工作場所基因檢測所引發之各項就業歧視上之相關爭議，做一全面性之回顧及檢視，除探討所衍生之各項問題外，並將對其實施結果之優劣良窳做一綜合評析，以做為我國日後建構相同制度時參考援引之用。除序言外，全文內容共分五大部分：第一部分將探討這類檢測近年來在美國興起之背景。第二部分則說明鼓勵及禁止這類檢測之相關聯邦立法。第三部分將研究這類檢測所可能引發之各項種族、性別及身心障礙者就業歧視問題。第四部分將對該國規範工作場所基因檢測法制之優劣及引起爭議之處加以評析。同時，也會對雇主所採取之各項因應對策加以檢視，並探討提議中之改革措施。最後，本文在結語中以三個階段為期，提出我國未來面對此類新興形態職場勞資爭議時所應採取之各項具體作為。
The purpose of this article is to make an in-depth evaluation of employment discrimination controversies arising from genetic testing conducted by employers on their employees (or job applicants) in the workplace in the United States. In addition to examining various aspects relating to racial, sex and disability discrimination in employment, it also tries to review the merits, shortcomings and controversies about American practice. The contents of the article are divided into five sections. Section One will discuss the background about utilizing this testing in the American workplace in the past thirty years. Section Two examines several federal labor statutes and Executive Order, which either encourage or prohibit, this kind of screening. Section Three delves into various aspects of employment discrimination arising from genetic testing in the workplace. Section Four assesses the merits, shortcomings, controversies of the American practices and details the responses from employers and other related reform programs. Finally, in the Concluding Section, it will offer, through three stages, several proposals for the Government and local business entities in order to face the same challenge in the near future.
期刊論文
1.焦興鎧(20030600)。工作場所規範之最新發展趨勢--美國之經驗。萬國法律，129，83-94。  延伸查詢new window
2.王玉葉(20040900)。美國高等教育優惠待遇何去何從--美國最高法院拒絕審理Hopwood v. Texas案之省思。歐美研究，34(3)，457-509。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.焦興鎧(20030800)。工作場所規範之最新發展趨勢--美國之經驗。萬國法律，130，103-108。  延伸查詢new window
4.劉士豪。網路通訊社會勞工人格權的保護。政大勞動學報，12，187-218。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Bible, Jon D.(1990)。When Employers Look for Things Other than Drugs: The Legality of AIDS, Genetic, Intelligence, and Honesty Testing in the Workplace。Labor Law Journal，41，195-213。  new window
6.Brokaw, Katherine(1990)。Genetic Screening in the Workplace and Employers' Liability。Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems，23，317-346。  new window
7.Cooper, Christine Godsil(2002)。Your Genes or Your Job: Genetic Testing in the Workplace。Employee Rights Quarterly，3，1-12。  new window
8.(1986)。Development in the Law - Employment Discrimination。Harvard Law Review，109，1568-1625。  new window
9.Deyerle, Kristie A.(1997)。Genetic Testing in the Workplace: Employer Dream, Employee Nightmare--Legislative Regulation in the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany。Comparative Labor Law Journal，18，547-599。  new window
10.Epstein, Richard A.(1994)。The Legal Regulation of Genetic Discrimination: Old Responses to New Technology。Boston University Law Review，74，1-23。  new window
11.International Labour Office(1993)。Workers' Privacy, Part III: Testing in the Workplace。Conditions of Work Digest，12，3-361。  new window
12.Jenson, Karen A.(1997)。Genetic Privacy in Washington State: Policy Considerations and a Model Genetic Privacy Act。Seattle University Law Review，21，357-386。  new window
13.Kaufmann, Melinda B.(1999)。Genetic Discrimination in the Workplace: An Overview of Existing Protections。Loyola University of Chicago law journal，30，393-438。  new window
14.Kelley, Robert J., Jr.(1986)。Reasonable Accommodation in the Federal Sector: An Examination of the Rehabilitation Act to the Federal Employer。Howard Law Journal，29，337-369。  new window
15.Krumm, Jennifer(2002)。Genetic Discrimination: Why Congress Must Ban Genetic Testing in the Workplace。Journal of Legal Medicine，23，491-521。  new window
16.Liu, Eugenia(2000)。Bragdon v. Abbott: Extending the Americans with Disabilities Act to Asymptomatic Individuals。Journal of Health Care Law & Policy，3，382-408。  new window
17.Mayerson, Arlene(1991)。The Americans with Disabilities Act - An Historical Overview。The Labour Lawyer，7，1-9。  new window
18.Mayerson, Arlene(1991)。Title I - Employment Provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act。Temple Law Quarterly，64，499-520。  new window
19.Miller, Paul Steven(2000)。Is There a Pink Slip in My Genes? Genetic Discrimination in the Workplace。Journal of Health Care Law & Policy，3，225-265。  new window
20.Note(1985)。Employment Discrimination Implications of Genetic Screening in the Workplace under Title VII and the Rehabilitation Act。American Journal of Law & Medicine，10，323-347。  new window
21.(2002)。Genetic Testing & Discrimination in Employment: Recommending a Uniform Statutory Approach。Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal，19，389-428。  new window
22.Peirce, Ellen R.(1985)。The Regulation of Genetic Testing in the Workplace - A Legislative Proposal。Ohio State Law Journal，46，771-843。  new window
23.Rachinsky, Tara L.(2000)。Genetic Testing: Toward a Comprehensive Policy to Prevent Genetic Discrimination in the Workplace。University of Pennsylvania Journal of Labor & Employment Law，2，575-598。  new window
24.Rothstein, Mark A.(1992)。Genetic Discrimination in Employment and the Americans with Disabilities Act。Houston Law Review，29，23-84。  new window
25.Rothstein, Mark A.(2000)。Genetics and the Work Force of the Next Hundred Years。Columbia Business Law Review，371-402。  new window
26.Rothstein, Mark A.、Martinez, Serge A.、McKinney, W. Paul(2002)。Using Established Medical Criteria to Define Disability, A Proposal to Amend the Americans with Disabilities Act。Washington University Law Quarterly，80，243-297。  new window
27.Santiago, Michael R.(1999)。Chapter 99: Preventing Employment Discrimination Based on One's Genetic Characteristics。McGeorge Law Review，30，703-712。  new window
28.Weaver, Kirke D.(1997)。Genetic Screening and the Right Not to Know。Issues of Law and Medicine，13，243-281。  new window
29.Williams, Jack F.(1987)。A Regulatory Model for Genetic Testing in Employment。Oklahoma Law Review，40，181-208。  new window
30.Woodford, Kelly C.、Woodford, Thomas J.(2006)。The Duty to Accommodate a Person Who is Perceived as Disabled: Say It Isn't So。Labor Law Journal，57，71-82。  new window
31.Wukitsch, David J.(1998)。New York's Legal Restrictions on the Employer's Collection and Use of Employee's Genetic Information。Alabama Law Journal of Science and Technology，9，39-50。  new window
32.Yesley, Michael S.(1998)。Protecting Genetic Difference。Berkeley Technology Law Journal，13，653-665。  new window
會議論文
1.王玉葉(2004)。從補償性理論到多元化理論：美國高等教育優惠待遇Grutter與Graz之迴響。0。  延伸查詢new window
2.焦興鎧(2004)。歐洲法院與就業上性別歧視爭議之解決。0。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.焦興鎧(2001)。勞工法論叢（二）。臺北市：元照出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.焦興鎧(1995)。勞工法與勞工權利之保障--美國勞工法論文集。臺北：月旦出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Gould, I. V.、William, B.(2004)。A Primer on American Labor Law。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
4.焦興鎧(2003)。性騷擾爭議新論。臺北市：元照出版公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.焦興鎧(1997)。美國勞工法論文集，二。美國勞工法論文集，二。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
6.Douglas, J. A.、Asquith, N.、Field, D. E.(1989)。Employment Testing Manual。Employment Testing Manual。Washington, DC。  new window
7.Office of Technology Assessment(1990)。Genetic Monitoring and Screening in the Workplace。Genetic Monitoring and Screening in the Workplace。Washington, DC。  new window
8.Rabinowitz, Randy S.(2002)。Occupational Safety and Health Law。Occupational Safety and Health Law。Washington, DC。  new window
9.U. S. Census Bureau(2006)。Statistical Abstract of the United States。Statistical Abstract of the United States。Washington, DC。  new window
圖書論文
1.李震山(2004)。基因資訊利用與資訊隱私權之保障。法治與現代行政法學--法治斌教授紀念論文集。台北：元照出版公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.焦興鎧(2007)。美國最高法院與身心障礙者就業歧視爭議之解決：2002年庭期三則判決之評析。美國最高法院重要判決之研究：2002-2003。臺北：中央研究院歐美研究所。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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