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題名：知識型群聚之興起：群聚去空間化的可能性
書刊名：創業管理研究
作者：張永佶／林韶怡
作者(外文)：Chang, Yung-chi／Lin, Shao-yi
出版日期：2008
卷期：3:4
頁次：頁39-57
主題關鍵詞：群聚；知識；群聚創新；Cluster；Knowledge；Cluster innovation
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:271
  • 點閱點閱:90
摘要 本研究試圖在全球經濟脈絡下重新理解「群聚」一詞，探討現行實務中的群聚意 義面臨本質變化。本文首先回顧群聚研究三大主要學派，包括義大利區域學派、區域 集團觀點、創新氛圍觀點，發現過去對「群聚」的定義仍植基於地理群聚帶來的空間 效應上，為了資源交換或取得而產生群聚。但隨著知識經濟時代來臨，知識成為群聚 創新的主力，群聚中的廠商透過各種關係來交流知識，達到創新目的。因此本研究提 出新型態的群聚—「知識型群聚」之存在，將群聚視為一種「帶來知識創新的空間」， 此空間乃是由知識流動關係所交織而成，並非地理空間。 本研究援引 Saxenian 對美國矽谷—台灣新竹—中國上海等三地之間跨區群聚研 究作為例證，說明此種知識型群聚的特色：一、知識型群聚會隨著人才流動而轉移， 透過不斷創業在同族裔的地區之間移動。二、知識型群聚是一種關係社群，因知識互 動的需求而聚合。三、知識型群聚鼓勵創業活動，隨著知識的專精分化產生創業需求， 強化全球化經濟的專業分工現象。知識型群聚成為全球化經濟發展下的新興現象，學 者專家亦應將對群聚之理解擺脫空間限制，轉向關注知識，才能深入21 世紀群聚的本質。最後，本研究提出「虛擬群聚」之構想，鼓勵未來研究繼續探討群聚完全脫離 空間之可能發展。
Abstract This paper tries to explore the meaning of ‘cluster’ in the global economy, while the denotation of cluster shifting in recent three decades. We review three major schools in cluster study, the Italian district school, regional conglomeration view, and innovative milieu perspective, finding that past studies stressed the role of geographical proximity which facilitates firms exchanging and acquiring resources. However, it is knowledge interaction facilitates cluster innovation in the knowledge economy era. Knowledge in cluster is conveyed not only through physical contacts, bust also social relations. Therefore, we propose a new definition of cluster, knowledge-based cluster, which consists of all relations enacting knowledge creation but not a pure physical space. Thus the knowledge-based cluster is a non-geographic space. We imply Saxenian’s current researches in the cross-regions cluster of Silicon Valley-Hsinchu-Shanghai as example and further indiacte three characteristics of knowledge-based cluster. First, knowledge-based cluster transfers it location with the flow of human resource, while the entrepreneurs from the same ethnicity moving in different regions. Second, knowledge-based cluster is the space of relations, linking various firms to inspire knowledge innovation. Third, entrepreneurial activities prevail over the knowledge-based cluster. Nascent enterprises emerge with the knowledge implication and industrial specification, extending the value-chain in the global economy. Lastly we propose an idea of virtual cluster, a completely unphysical form of cluster, and encourage further researches to study the possibility of existence of non-geographic cluster.
期刊論文
1.張永佶、蔡敦浩、林文玲、陳可杰(20061000)。並聯研發與競爭優勢：臺灣自行車產業的個案研究。管理評論，25(4)，97-129。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Bahlmann, M. D.、Huysman, M. H.(2008)。The Emergence of a Knowledge-based View of Clusters and Its Implications for Cluster Governance。Information Society，24(5)，304-318。  new window
3.Bresnahan, T.(2001)。Old Economy’Inputs for TSTew Economy’Outcomes: Cluster Formation in the New Silicon Valleys。Industrial and Corporate Change，10(4)，835-860。  new window
4.Carbonara, N.(2004)。Innovation Processes within Geographical Clusters: A Cognitive Approach。Technovation，24(1)，17-28。  new window
5.Oinas, P.、Malecki, E. J.(2002)。The Evolution of Technologies in Time and Space: From National and Regional to Spatial Innovation Systems。International Regional Science Review，25(1)，102-131。  new window
6.Dosi, G.(198809)。Sources, Procedures, and Microeconomics Effects of Innovation。Journal of Economic Literature，26，1120-1171。  new window
7.Giuliani, Elisa(2005)。Cluster Absorptive Capacity: Why Do Some Clusters Forge Ahead and Others Lag Behind?。European Urban and Regional Studies，12(3)，269-288。  new window
8.Lawson, C.、Lorenz, E.(1999)。Collective Learning, Tacit Knowledge and Regional Innovative Capacity。Regional Studies，33(4)，305-317。  new window
9.Rantisi, N. M.(2002)。The Competitive Foundations of Localized Learning and Innovation: The Case of Women's Garment Production in New York City。Economic Geography，78(4)，441-462。  new window
10.Bell, G. G.(2005)。Clusters, Networks, and Firm Innovativeness。Strategic Management Journal，26，287-295。  new window
11.Asheim, B. T.、Coenen, L.(2005)。Knowledge Bases and Regional Innovation Systems: Comparing Nordic Clusters。Research Policy，34(8)，1173-1190。  new window
12.Porter, Michael E.(2000)。Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy。Economic Development Quarterly，14(1)，15-34。  new window
13.Porter, Michael E.(1998)。Clusters and the New Economics of Competition。Harvard Business Review，76(6)，77-90。  new window
14.Tallman, Stephen、Jenkins, Mark、Henry, Nick、Pinch, Steven(2004)。Knowledge, Clusters, and Competitive Advantage。Academy of Management Review，29(2)，258-271。  new window
15.Uzzi, Brian(1996)。The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect。American Sociological Review，61(4)，674-698。  new window
16.Miller, Danny、Shamsie, Jamal(1996)。The Resource-Based View of the Firm in Two Environments: The Hollywood Film Studios from 1936 to 1965。Academy of Management Journal，39(3)，519-543。  new window
17.Nonaka, Ikujiro、Konno, Noboru(1998)。The Concept of 'Ba': Building a Foundation for Knowledge Creation。California Management Review，40(3)，40-54。  new window
18.Gomes-Casseres, B.(199407)。Group versus group: How alliance network compete。Harvard Business Review，72(4)，62-74。  new window
19.Cohen, Wesley M.、Levinthal, Daniel A.(1990)。Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation。Administrative Science Quarterly，35(1)，128-152。  new window
20.Van de Ven, Andrew H.(1986)。Central Problems in the Management of Innovation。Management Science，32(5)，590-607。  new window
21.Peteraf, M.、Shanley, M.(1997)。Getting to Know You: A Theory of Strategic Group Industry。Strategic Management Journal，18(Special Issue)，165-186。  new window
22.Zucker, L. G.、Darby, M. R.、Armstrong, J.(1998)。Geographically localized knowledge: Spillovers or markets?。Economic Inquiry，36(1)，65-86。  new window
圖書
1.Amin, Ash、Cohendet, P.(2005)。Geographies of Knowledge Formation in Industry and Innovation。  new window
2.Marshall, A.(1920)。Industry and Trade。London：Macmillan。  new window
3.Saxenian, A.(2006)。The New Argonauts: Regional Advantage in the Global Economy。Cambridge：Harvard University Press。  new window
4.Rogers, Everett M.(1995)。Diffusion of Innovations。New York, NY：Simon & Schuster。  new window
5.陳介玄(19940000)。協力網絡與生活結構：台灣中小企業的社會經濟分析。臺北：聯經。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Piore, Michael J.、Sabel, Charles F.(1984)。The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity。New York：Basic Books。  new window
7.Saxenian, Anna Lee(1994)。Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128。Harvard Business School Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.張書文(2008)。台灣自行車A-Team的組織間學習與共創。台灣產業研究8：共創--建構台灣產業競爭力的新模式。臺北市：遠流。  延伸查詢new window
2.劉仁傑(2008)。磨合共創行協力網路的實踐與理論：台灣自行車A-Team 的個案研究。共創：建構台灣產業競爭力的新模式。台北：遠流。  延伸查詢new window
3.Amin, A.、Robins, K.(1990)。Industrial Districts and Regional Development: Limit and Possibilities。Industrial districts and inter-firm co-operation in Italy。Geneva：ILO Publications。  new window
4.Asheim, B. T.、Gertler, M. S.(2005)。The Geography of Innovation: Regional Innovation Systems。The Oxford Handbook of Innovation。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
5.Aydalot, P.、Keeble, D.(1989)。High-technology Industry and Innovative Environments in Europe: An Overview。High Technology Industry and Innovative environments:The European Experience。London：Routledge。  new window
6.Becattini, G.(1990)。The Marshallian Industrial District as a Socioeconomic Notion。Industrial Districts and Inter-firm Co-operation in Italy。Geneva：ILO Publications。  new window
7.Brown, J. S.(2000)。Mysteries of the Region: Knowledge Dynamics in Silicon Valley。The Silicon Valley Edge: A Habitat for Innovation and Entrepreneurship。Stanford, CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
8.Camagni, R.(1991)。Introduction: From the Local Miilieu to Innovation through Coopoeration Networks。Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspectives。London：Belhaven Press。  new window
9.Geroski, P.(1995)。Market for Technology: Knowledge, Innovation and Appropriability。Handbook of Economies of Innovation and Technological Change。Oxford：Basil Blackwell。  new window
10.Keeble, D.(2000)。High-technology SMEs, Regional Clustering and Collective Learning: An Overview。High-Teclmology Cluster, Networking and Collective Learning in Europe。Aldershot：Ashgate。  new window
11.Maillat, D.(1997)。Comparative Analysis of the Structural Development of Milieux: The Watch Industry in the Swiss and French Jura Arc。The Dynamics of Innovative Regions: The GREMI Approach。Aldershot, UK：Ashgate。  new window
12.Sforzi, F.(1990)。The Quantitative Importance of Marshallian Industrial Districts in the Italian Economy。Industrial Districts and Interfirm Cooperation in Italy。Geneva：ILO Publications。  new window
 
 
 
 
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