The aim of this study was to explore the current situation of life stress and mental health of college students. In this paper, the relationship between life stress and mental health was analyzed and the discrepancies of various backgrounds in life stress and mental health were compared. 1, 639 college students were randomly collected as our research sample from Taichung district and the Life Stress Scale and General Health Scale were used as research instruments. According to the results of factor analysis, canonical analysis and independent t-test method, the main findings were as follows: 1. College students' life stress could be divided into six factors, "self stress", "future development stress", "emotional stress", "interpersonal stress", "academic stress" and "family stress", and the greatest stress for college students was "future development stress". 2. College students' mental health could be divided into four factors, "depression and affective disorder", "social dysfunction", "anxiety and insomnia" and "somatic symptoms". The factor "social dysfunction" had the highest score compared with others, but it was not serious. 3. There exist two significant canonical correlations between students' life stress and mental health. The higher the life stress was, the worse the mental health was. 4. Female students had heavier life stress and worse mental health comparing with male students. 5. The juniors and seniors had higher "future development stress" and lower "depression and affective disorder" than the other students. 6. Although the single-children had lower "future development stress", "emotional stress" and "family stress" were higher than non-single-children.