《公民與政治權利國際公約》及《經濟社會文化權利國際公約》（以下合稱「兩公約」）是聯合國為落實1948年《世界人權宣言》所訂定的國際人權公約。中華民國政府雖於1967年予以簽署，但因聯合國大會在1971年通過2758號決議，使中華民國政府失去代表中國的地位，從而無法再參加聯合國之活動，以致「兩公約」歷經42年遲遲未受批准，直至2009年才完成批准程序。在檢視「兩公約」涉及勞動議題的相關規定後，發現雖然「兩公約」具備重要的歷史意義，但在近半世紀後的今日，「兩公約」內容涉及勞工法令的部份顯得非常簡要；相對地，國際勞工組織通過的公約及諸多建議書的豐富規範，在現行國際法體系中具有相當的重要性，早已超越「兩公約」對我國的影響。因此，作者認為簽署「兩公約」對於我國勞動法令的影響有限，其形式上的政治意義亦大於實質的人權保障。不過，本文仍舊分析「兩公約」中規範的勞動八大議題，也檢視這些議題與國際勞工組織公約及其建議書的關聯性，並對國內相關勞動法制作一簡要的檢討。

"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" and "International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights" (hereinafter "two Covenants") were the Realization of the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. However, after the adoption of Resolution 2758 in 1971 by the Assembly, with the representative seat taken away, Republic of China has been unable to participate in the activities of the United Nation thereafter and which made the ratification process of the two Covenants delayed for 42 years until its completion in 2009.Although the two Covenants possess its legal significance back in 1960, the protection thereof concerning the labor is relatively oversimplified and outdated from present perspective. On the other hand, standards and rules contained in the International Labor Organization's Conventions (hereinafter ILO Conventions) and the Recommendations become more and more prominent to protect the labor's right nowadays. Therefore, the ratification of the two Covenants can only make little contribution to ROC's Labor Law despite its political significance. Yet, this article is aimed at analyzing the 8 key issues concerning the protection of labor force in the two Covenants and its connection with the ILO Conventions and Recommendations to make a brief review of the current rules concerning labor protection in our domestic legal system.