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題名：美國城市學習理念與夥伴組織運作策略之探究：以賓州哈里斯堡市為例
書刊名：成人及終身教育學刊
作者：張菀珍 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chang, Wan-jen
出版日期：2012
卷期：18
頁次：頁35-74
主題關鍵詞：城市學習理念；夥伴組織；運作策略；Learning city concept；Partner organizations；Operational strategies
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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「學習型城市」（learning city ）的理念自1999年從歐洲開始推動，之後迅速地推展到澳洲、亞洲及南美洲國家，儼然形成一股新的終身學習運動風潮，然而，在美國或北美地區國家，學習型城市的運動受到的關注極少。本研究採用個案研究法，針對美國賓州（Pennsylvania State）首府哈里斯堡市 ( Harrisburg）所推動的終身學習，經由文件分析和深度訪談做一探索性研究。研究目的包括：一、瞭解哈里斯堡市對學習型城市的理念與運作策略：二、分析哈里斯堡市發展城市學習夥伴組織的現況與運作策略。研究結果發現：一、城市學習理念是以提供終身學習為主軸，並未有計畫地倡導或推動學習型城市，市政府只對推動組織擬訂鼓勵措施，以及為弱勢族群辦理中學後成人教育、移民第二語言學習及失業者再就業訓練，提供委辦單位學習經費補助。二、學習夥伴組織在為城市居民設計學習方案時，能依據學習需求為個人與單位進行客製化學習方案，並運用學習「賦權」以培養居民進行公民自主行動的競爭力。
The concept of “Learning City” was promotion since 1999 in Europe, and extended to Australia, Asia and South America countries quickly. It seems to form a new lifelong learning movement. However, it is concern minimal in the United States or North America. In this study, the method of case study was used to explore the lifelong learning in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The data collection of promotion of city lifelong learning was through document analysis and interviews. There are two purposes in this study: (1) to understand the situation of city learning and the operational strategies of Harrisburg; (2) to analysis the situation of learning partner organizations and operational strategies at Harrisburg. The results showed that: The main concept of Learning City is to provide lifelong learning and not have any plans to advocate or promote the concept of learning city. The municipal government to promote the organization to develop incentives for disadvantaged groups to apply for secondary school education, immigration second language learning and the reemployment training for unemployed, and support the grand funds to these partner organization. Learning partner organizations according to the learning needs to design the learning program for city residents, and supply customized learning program for individual learners and units, and use learning to empower residents’ competitiveness for their citizen camped and independent actions.
期刊論文
1.Boshier, R. W.(2003)。Heritage Conservation in the "Back Shed" of the Learning City。New Zealand Journal of Adult Learning，31(1)，6-23。  new window
2.Florida, Richard(1995)。Toward the learning region。Futures: The Journal of Forecasting and Planning，27(5)，527-536。  new window
3.張菀珍(20120300)。賓州哈里斯堡市終身學習網絡之建構與學習型城市之反思。成人及終身教育，39，13-21。  延伸查詢new window
4.張菀珍(20081200)。從社會資本觀點分析我國社區大學建構社區學習網絡之研究。成人及終身教育學刊，11，71-108。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.吳明烈(2012)。歐盟學習型城市的發展及其對台灣的啟示。教育政策論壇，13(3)，27-56。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Juceviciene, P.(2010)。Sustainsble development of the learning city。European Journal of Education，45(3)，419-436。  new window
7.Plumb, D.、Leverman, A.、McGray, R.(2007)。The learning city in a “planet of slums”。Studies in Continuing Education，29(1)，37-50。  new window
8.Doyle, L.(2007)。Learning to learn in a learning region。Lifelong Learning in Europe，12，42-51。  new window
會議論文
1.林振春、秦秀蘭(2011)。建構學習型城市提升五都國際競爭力。高雄市：高雄市立空中大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.Tisdell, E. J.、Chang, W. -J.、Bush, P. L.、Carrow-Boyd, G. C.(2011)。A US perspective on the learning city: Efforts at lifelong learning in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania。Taipei, Taiwan。  new window
圖書
1.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(2001)。Cities and regions in the new learning economy: Education and skills。Paris：OECD。  new window
2.Clarke, A.(2001)。Learning organizations: What they are and how to become one。London：The National Institute of Adult and Continuing Education。  new window
3.NIACE(2001)。Annual report and accounts 2000-2001。Leicester：NIACE。  new window
4.Fields, J.(2005)。Social capital and lifelong learning。Bristol, UK。  new window
5.Longworth, N.(2000)。Making lifelong learning work: Learning cities for a learning century。London, UK。  new window
6.Longworth, N.(2002)。Learning cities for a learning century: Citizens and sectors stakeholders in the lifelong community。London, UK。  new window
7.Becker, A.(2003)。Reforms, radical change or turbulence?。Freiburg, Germany。  new window
8.Duke, C.(2004)。Learning communities: Signposts from international experience。Leicester, UK:。  new window
9.Longworth, Norman(2006)。Learning cities, learning regions, learning communities: Lifelong learning and local government。Routledge。  new window
10.Faris, R.(2005)。Lifelong learning, social capital and place management: A Canadian perspective。Rebalancing the social and economic: Learning partnership and place。Leicester, UK。  new window
其他
1.National Institute of Adult Continuing Education(2001)。Learning towns and cities，http://www.Lifelong-learning.co.uk/learningcities， 2007/02/02。  new window
 
 
 
 
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