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題名：中國社會福利體制階層化的政治經濟學根源
書刊名：臺灣社會學刊
作者：蔡宏政 引用關係
作者(外文)：Tsai, Hung-jeng
出版日期：2012
卷期：50
頁次：頁111-163
主題關鍵詞：福利體制；統帳結合；新農合；城鄉統籌；Welfare regime；Combined social pooling and personal accounts；New cooperative medical scheme；Urban-rural coordinated development
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:77
  • 點閱點閱:120
本文論證中國福利制度階層化乃是根植於它的國家發展策略，因此我們需要對福利制度進行政治經濟學的分析。為了保持Esping-Andersen對福利資本主義分析架構的優點，而同時也能將該架構運用到中國案例，我們對他「三個世界」的分類進行理論上的修改，並提出制度動力的歷史分析才是分判體制的主要依據。在這樣的理論修正下，本文論證中國戰後福利體制一直都是國家領導下的階層化保守主義。這個保守福利體制是在追求超趕的重工業化發展策略下被建立起來的。文革之後勞保條例的廢除使得全國層次的社會保障統籌功能盡失，身分與職業區隔的階層化體制被進一步零細化切割到個人所在單位。改革開放雖然逆轉計畫經濟的邏輯，但是區域與城鄉之間工資差異的擴大，使得「統帳結合」社會保險呈現階層化，政策試點的實施方式也使得社會保險實施範圍只被限定在地級市或縣以下的地方行政區。我們以新農合的發展作為案例，檢驗中國階層化福利體制是否可能改變軌道。新農合一方面緩解了因為商品化而來的農村基礎醫療問題，但它的制度設計在實質上也是將農民限制在戶籍地接受較差的醫療服務。醫療保險的城鄉統籌要能實質成功，要不就是讓農民所得趕上城鎮職工的水準，要不就需要政府大量的財政投入來補足農民的弱勢，二者都不是目前我們所能觀察得到的現象，也因此中國福利體制在可預見的未來，還是會保持在國家領導下的階層化保守主義。
The author argues that Chinese welfare institutional stratification has roots in developmental strategies adopted during different periods, resulting in the need for an overall political-economic analysis of the Chinese welfare system for full understanding. To maintain the advantages of Esping-Andersen's analytical framework when applied to Chinese development, I conduct a theoretical revision of his "three worlds of welfare capitalism," and propose a historical analysis of institutional dynamics as a crucial tool for regime classification. According to my theoretical revision, I argue that the postwar Chinese welfare regime reflects the ongoing course of state-led conservatism, with welfare institutions divided into three mutually exclusive blocks during the height of the country's planned economy period. After the Cultural Revolution, these blocks were fragmented as individual work units eventually lost their social protection function. Increasing wage inequality between regions and rural-urban areas has resulted in a social insurance hierarchy in which benefits are pegged to contributions. Fiscal decentralization due to economic reforms, which confines new social insurance plans to prefecture or county levels, continues to limit the effects of risk pooling. In this article I explore the development of the country's New Cooperative Medical Scheme to see the possible change of Chinese conservative regime. While it addresses basic medical problems in rural areas, it also restricts rural workers to specific living areas in which they receive poor quality medical treatment. To successfully deal with this problem, any coordinated urban-rural development scheme requires one of two conditions: greater income for rural workers, or a major investment by the national government. Neither condition has been observed so far, therefore it appears that the Chinese welfare regime will continue according to state-led and stratified conservatism.
期刊論文
1.施世駿(20091200)。社會保障的地域化 : 中國社會公民權的空間政治轉型。臺灣社會學，18，43-93。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.吳介民(20110600)。永遠的異鄉客？公民身分差序與中國農民工階級。臺灣社會學，21，51-99。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Heilmann, Sebastian(2008)。Policy experimentation in China's economic rise。Studies in Comparative International Development，43(1)，1-26。  new window
4.Esping-Andersen, G.(1997)。Hybrid or Unique?: The Japanese Welfare State between Europe and America。Journal of European Social Policy，7(3)，179-189。  new window
5.Oi, Jean C.(1992)。Fiscal Reform and the Economic Foundation of Local State Corporatism in China。World Politics，45(1)，99-126。  new window
6.Holliday, Ian(2000)。Productivist Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy in East Asia。Political Studies，48(4)，706-723。  new window
7.吳介民(20000900)。壓榨人性空間：身分差序與中國式多重剝削。臺灣社會研究，39，1-44。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.蔡宏政(20110900)。如何看待ECFA簽訂的戰略利益：區域經濟分工轉型下的政治經濟分析。思與言，49(3)，135-165。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.李易駿、古允文(20031200)。另一個福利世界？東亞發展型福利體制初探。臺灣社會學刊，31，189-241。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.侯明喜(2008)。統籌城鄉醫療保險體制：重慶市的初步實踐及發展路徑。經濟體制改革 \url\http://www.docin.com/p-281400045.html#documentinfo $d20090412，1。  延伸查詢new window
11.Abrahamson, Peter(1999)。The Welfare Modelling Business。Social Policy and Administration，33(4)，394-415。  new window
12.Arts and Gelissen(2002)。Three worlds of welfare capitalism or more? A state-of-the-art report。Journal of European Social Policy，12(2)，137-158。  new window
13.Gu, Edward X.(2001)。Dismantling the Chinese mini-welfare state? Marketization and the policies of instituteional transformation, 1979-1999。Communist and Post-communist Studie，34，91-111。  new window
會議論文
1.米紅(2011)。覆蓋城鄉居民養老保障的若干核心問題研究。杭州。  延伸查詢new window
2.高帆(2011)。中國國民年金制度--建立統一的社會養老保險制度的目標模式。杭州。  延伸查詢new window
3.張祖平、馬碧瑩(2011)。新型農村社會養老保險適度保障水平研究。杭州。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.中國發展研究基金會組織。中國發展報告2008/09：建構全民共享的發展型社會福利體系。北京。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Holliday, Ian、Wilding, Paul(2003)。Welfare capitalism in East Asia: social policy in the tiger economies。Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
2.Jamison, Dean T.(1984)。China: The Health Sector。Washington DC：The World Bank。  new window
3.Selden, Mark(1993)。The Political Economy of Chinese Development。Armonk, New York：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
4.Rapley, John(1996)。Understanding Development: Theory and Practice in the Third World。Boulder, Colo：Lynne Rienner Publishers。  new window
5.Mahoney, J. W.、Rueschemeyer, D.(2003)。Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences。Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Marshall, Thomas Humphrey(1950)。Citizenship and Social Class, and Other Essays。Cambridge University Press。  new window
7.葛延風、貢森(2007)。中國醫改：問題．根源．出路。北京：中國發展出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.Shirk, Susan L.(1993)。The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China。University of California Press。  new window
9.Solinger, Dorothy J.(1999)。Contesting Citizenship in Urban China: Peasant Migrants, the State, and the Logic of the Market。University of California Press。  new window
10.Esping-Andersen, Gosta、古允文(1999)。福利資本主義的三個世界。巨流。  延伸查詢new window
11.Esping-Andersen, Gøsta(1999)。Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies。Oxford University Press。  new window
12.Polanyi, Karl、黃樹民、石佳音、廖立文、陳忠信、吳乃德(1989)。鉅變：當代政治、經濟的起源。遠流出版事業股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
13.王紅漫(2004)。大國衛生之難：中國農村醫療衛生現狀與制度改革探討。北京。  延伸查詢new window
14.王夢奎(1992)。中國社會保險制度改革。北京。  延伸查詢new window
15.王紹光、胡鞍鋼(1999)。中國：不平衡的發展的政治經濟學。北京。  延伸查詢new window
16.勞動部課題組(1994)。中國社會保障體系的建立與完善。北京。  延伸查詢new window
17.蔡仁華(1998)。中國醫療保障制度改革實用全書。北京。  延伸查詢new window
18.高書生(2007)。社會保障改革：何去何從。北京。  延伸查詢new window
19.鄭功成(2002)。中國社會保障制度評估。北京。  延伸查詢new window
20.鄭永年(1995)。發展型地方主義的興起。論中央--地方關係：中國制度轉型的一個軸心問題 \\ 吳國光 ; 鄭永年(編)。香港。  延伸查詢new window
21.Castles, G. Francis(1996)。Needs-Based Strategies of Social Protection in Australia and New Zealand。Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptions and Global Economies \\ Gosta Esping-Andersen(ed.)。London。  new window
22.Chen, Meei-shia(2001)。The Great Reversal: Transformation of Health Care in the People’s Republic of China。The Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology \\ William C. Cockerham(ed.)。Oxford。  new window
23.Gwynne, Robert N.、Kay, Cristobal(1999)。Latin America Transformed: Globalization and Modernity。London。  new window
24.Kasza, Gregory J.(2006)。One World of Welfare。Ithaca。  new window
25.Lardy, Nicholas R.(1987)。Economic Recovery and the 1st Five-Year Plan。The Cambridge History of China \\ Dennis Twitchett ; John K. Fairbank (eds.)。  new window
26.Leibfried, Stephan(1992)。Toward a European Welfare State? On Integrating Poverty Regimes into the European Community。Social Policy in a Changing Europe \\ Zsuzsa Ferge ; Jon Eivind Kolberg (eds.)。Boulder。  new window
27.Lu, Xiaobo、Perry, Elizabeth J.(1997)。Introduction: The Changing Chinese Workplace in Historical and Comparative Perspective。Danwei: the Changing Chinese Workplace in Historical and Comparative Perspective \\ Xiaobo Lu ; Elizabeth J. Perry。New York。  new window
28.Naughton, Barry(1997)。Danwei: The Economic Foundation of a Unique Institution。Danwei: the Changing Chinese Workplace in Historical and Comparative Perspective \\ Xiaobo Lu ; Elizabeth J. Perry (eds.)。New York。  new window
29.Wallerstein, Immanuel(1987)。World-System Analysis。Scoial Theory Today \\ Anthony Giddens ; Jonathan H. Turner (eds.)。Standford。  new window
其他
1.中國國家統計局。中國統計年鑑，北京。  延伸查詢new window
2.王紹光(2003)。中國公共衛生的危機與轉機。  延伸查詢new window
3.李曉西(2003)。五個統籌是一種新的發展觀。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Wu, Jieh-Min(2010)。Rural Migrant Workers and China's Differential Citizenship: a Comparative Institutional Analysis。One Country, Two Societies: Rural-Urban Inequality in Contemporary China。Harvard University Press。  new window
2.Baldwin, P.(1996)。Can We Define a European Welfare State Model?。Comparative Welfare Systems: The Scandinavian Model in a Period of Change。Macmillan Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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