This paper discusses Matteo Ricci’s idea of shang-ti, t’ien and translation of "Deus" in late-Ming China. Affected by the hermeneutic tradition of the Classics and Theology, Matteo Ricci’s translation of “Deus” is not only the use of localization strategy and innovation in contextual theology, but also proffers a proof for the existence of God. In the view of Matteo Ricci, Chinese Ancients’ right knowledge of God comes from the "natural law"; its essence is to construct a doctrine of God through the use of natural theology and a historical framework. From this perspective, Matteo Ricci’s idea will bring forward an important issue: Whether the supreme god of the Catholic Church already existed thousands of years ago in ancient China. It is not only one of the focuses of the Rite Controversy, undoubtedly it is the origin of Sino-Christian Theology.