Social news sections of Taiwanese newspapers repeatedly report cases in which people in poverty are refused from social assistance and appeal for help from the society. These cases often attract much public attention with the help of elected political representatives or news media. What information do these cases reveal? Is it too difficult to qualify for social assistance? Is it because social workers lack empathy and deliberately create difficulties for people in poverty? This study investigates the most controversial provisions of social assistance regulations and the relevant judicial cases concerning the application of social workers' discretion. The conclusions reached are: (1) The refusal of social assistance to people in poverty stems from the controversial provisions of social assistance regulations. (2) Relaxing the provisions is the only and fundamental way for social assistance to function well as the last defense line of social safety net programs in Taiwan.