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題名:句末助詞「呢」的辨義音調:語境對話的朗讀測試
書刊名:華語文教學研究
作者:張玲瑛 引用關係
作者(外文):Chang, Ling Ying
出版日期:2015
卷期:12:1
頁次:頁119-151
主題關鍵詞:句末助詞句末呢音調對外華語教學Sentence-final particlesSentence-final NEPitchTeaching Chinese as a second language
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:6
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本研究旨在測試華語母語者與二語學習者是否都能在具有語境的對話中,以聲調高低適當區別句末助詞「呢」的不同用法,也試圖找出影響聲調區別句末「呢」的可能原因。利用紙本測驗引導母語組與非母語組受試者朗讀帶有句末助詞「呢」的對話,經錄音後分析其朗讀句子末尾「呢」的聲調高低,用統計方法計算兩組受試者的測試結果以得知其差異的顯著性。結果發現,母語組受試者都能正確地把非疑問句末的「呢」讀作低音,把疑問句末的「呢」讀作高音;而母語中缺乏句末助詞系統的受試者則有較多失誤。然而統計結果卻顯示非母語組的口說表達、認讀能力與華語學習時間等,均與能否正確區分句末「呢」的高低聲調無顯著相關性。另一方面,實驗結果顯示,非母語受試者明顯較難掌握特指問句、選擇問句或正反問句末「呢」的聲調,對刪節問句(或主位問句)末尾的「呢」則較少出現聲調錯誤。非母語組的測試結果與疑問句末「呢」是否必要顯著相關。非母語組朗讀非必要「呢」時聲調較易出錯,因為這類「呢」不妨礙疑問功能;朗讀必要「呢」時則聲調不易出錯,因為這類「呢」乘載疑問功能,是重要不可缺的成分。本研究推測,非母語組基於溝通策略,為不影響疑問功能,較注意以高音標記「呢」,因此聲調不易出錯。對於不影響溝通功能的非必要句末「呢」較易忽略,因而聲調易出錯。由研究可知,句末「呢」的二語教學應根據造成偏誤的原因,如聲調、句式、語境關聯或學習者的溝通策略等,針對錯誤率高的用法強化教學。唯有真正了解造成習得困難的原因,才能有效改進教學,提升學習成效。
This research tries to find out if second language learners of Chinese have the same patterns of contrastive pitch as those of the native speakers to properly distinguish the various usage of the sentence-final particle NE. An acoustic analysis is implemented with a written test to subjects of native and nonnative speakers of Chinese to read out short dialogues containing sentences ended with final particle NE to find out if they pronounce NE with a high tone at the end of an interrogative and a low tone, a non-interrogative. Results show that subjects whose native language does not have the final particle system do not score high as Chinese natives do. However, there is no correlation between nonnative speakers' test scores and their Mandarin proficiency even they have achieved intermediate level of pronunciation accuracy, Chinese character recognition and pragmatic realization. It is found that whether final NEs are obligatory do significantly correlate with nonnative speaker's pitch correctness. When attached to an abbreviated question, NE is obligatory, but when it follows a question word question, alternative question or A not A question, it is optional. It is learners' communication strategy that influences nonnative speakers to overlook the optional NEs and pronounce its tone as a free variation. As for the obligatory NE, learners tend to pronounce it correctly with the high tone to make their communication successful. It is therefore suggested that the causes of second language learners' errors need to be carefully investigated. By highlighting the contrastive tone and paying more attention to learner's causes of second-trategies, teaching and acquisition of the final particles NE can be reinforced.
期刊論文
1.Alleton, V.(1981)。Final particles and expressions of modality in modern Chinese。Journal of Chinese Linguistics,9(1),91-114。  new window
2.King, Brian(1986)。Ne-A discourse approach。Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers,20(1),21-46。  new window
3.Lee-Wong, S. M.(1998)。Chinese particles as mitigators. A study of ba a/ya and ne。Pragmatics,8(3),387-404。  new window
4.Wu, Guo(2005)。The discourse function of the Chinese particle NE in statements。Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association,40(1),47-82。  new window
5.Wu, Guo(2006)。The thematic question: non-interrogative form plus the particle NE。Yuyanxue Luncong (Linguistic Forum),32,63-80。  new window
6.江海燕(2006)。語氣詞"呢"負載疑問信息的聲學研究。首都師範大學學報,4,69-72。  延伸查詢new window
7.李明(1996)。語氣助詞的音高分析。世界漢語教學,4,43-53。  延伸查詢new window
8.李軍華、李長華(2010)。"呢"字句的情態類型與語氣詞"呢"的情態意義考察。語言研究,30(3),93-98。  延伸查詢new window
9.屈承熹(2008)。關聯理論與漢語句末虛詞的語篇功能。華東師範大學學報(哲學社會科學版),2008(3),12-18。  延伸查詢new window
10.邵敬敏(1989)。嘆詞疑問句語義層面分析。語文研究,1989(2),18-25。  延伸查詢new window
11.胡明揚(1988)。語氣助詞的語氣義意。漢語學習,6,4-7。  延伸查詢new window
12.徐晶凝(2003)。語氣助詞「吧」的情態解釋。北京大學學報(哲學社會科學版),20(4),143-148。  延伸查詢new window
13.徐棠、胡秀梅(2007)。母語負遷移對日本留學生學習語氣詞"呢"的影響。語言文字應用,1,19-22。  延伸查詢new window
14.賀陽(1992)。試論漢語書面語的語氣系統。中國人民大學學報,5,59-66。  延伸查詢new window
15.謝佳玲(20060600)。華語廣義與狹義情態詞的分析。華語文教學研究,3(1),1-25。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.Selinker, Larry(1972)。Interlanguage。IRAL: International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching,10(1-4),209-232。  new window
會議論文
1.戴昭銘(2006)。漢語語氣助詞的類型學價值。39th International Conference On Sino: Tibetan Languages and Linguistics,(會議日期: 2006/09/15-09/17)。Seattle:University of Washington。  延伸查詢new window
2.曹逢甫(2000)。華語虛字的研究與教學--以「呢」字為例。第六屆世界華語文教學研討會,世界華語文教學學會(舉辦) 。臺北:世界華文出版社。1-25。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.Chen, Chiou-mei(1989)。A Study on Taiwanese Sentence-Final Particles(碩士論文)。National Taiwan Normal University。  new window
2.Lu, Wen-ying(2005)。Sentence-final particles as attitude markers in Mandarin Chinese(博士論文)。University of Illinois at Urbaba-Champaign,Urbana, IL。  new window
3.Li, Boya(2006)。Chinese Final Particles and the Syntax of Periphery(博士論文)。Leiden University,Leiden。  new window
圖書
1.Li, Ing Cherry(1999)。Utterance-Final Particles in Taiwanese: A Discoursepragmatic Analysis。Taipei:The Crane Publishing Co.。  new window
2.張伯江、方梅(1996)。漢語功能語法研究。江西南昌:江西教育出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.呂叔湘(1999)。現代漢語八百詞。商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
4.屈承熹(1998)。A Discourse Grammar of Mandarin Chinese。Peter Lang Publishing。  new window
5.劉月華、潘文娛、故韡(2001)。實用現代漢語語法。商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
6.齊滬揚(2002)。語氣詞與語氣系統。合肥:安徽教育出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.Li, Charles Na、Thompson, Sandra Annear(1981)。Mandarin Chinese: a functional reference grammar。University of California Press。  new window
8.Cinque, Guglielmo(1999)。Adverbs and Functional Heads: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective。Oxford University Press。  new window
9.趙元任(1968)。A Grammar of Spoken Chinese。University of California Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Lien, Chin-Fa(1988)。Taiwanese Sentence-Final Particles。The Structure of Taiwanese: A Modern Synthesis。Taipei:The Crane Book Co., Ltd。  new window
2.Tiee, H.(1986)。Modality in Chinese。Studies in East Asian Linguistics。Los Angeles:Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures. University of Southern California。  new window
 
 
 
 
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