Introduction: The influence of foot binding upon Taiwanese female body culture in the Japanese colonial period has been debated in previous academic works; however, the relationship between foot binding and physical education, especially after the foot binding liberation movement, has not been extensively investigated. This research aims to capture and offer interpretation on the interrelationship between the rise of "natural feet" era and the development of physical education for women in Taiwan. Method: This research uses historical archives to analyze and investigate the historical trajectory of physical education and foot binding. Results: Soon after foot binding was banned in 1915, the Japanese colonizer began to edit the content of physical education textbooks to cope with the changing needs of female students with "natural feet". Despite the ban, the majority of young Taiwanese females remained unwilling to participate in sports in the early 1920s, since they brought up by mothers with bound feet. Nevertheless, with the growing popularity of female participation in physical activity in "mainland Japan", as well as the holding of the first female physical education seminar in Taiwan and the debut of female athletes in the all-island competition, Taiwanese women's perception of physical activity was transformed from an inclination to reject outdoor activity to active participation in competitive sports. In addition, after the "Regulations for girl high school" of 1928, which listed competitive sports as part of the official curriculum, the physical education of women in Taiwan began to take the form it has today. Conclusion: From the above discussion, we can conclude that first under the influence of Confucianism, traditional customs and the custom of foot binding, and later transformed by Japanese colonizers to fit into the image of modern citizenship, the Taiwanese female body has experienced the shift from "virtuous wife and fine mother" to "modern wife and mother".