本文重點在論述當前環境危機的根源，是由於“現代化、理念的缺失所致。諸如：人為萬物主市的觀念，「工具理性」化的科學技術觀，以及享樂主義為取向的消費倫理等因素是生態破壞的元凶。 透過老子、莊子對貪婪的、縱欲的社會、經濟倫理以及偏執的、受形體約束的各重巧智小知的批判，來呈現道家思想「道」的概念體系。印證道家的「道」不只是超傳統農業社會消極、退縮、敬張大自然陷於神祉的迷信；更進而超越人為萬物主宰，所以征服自然、奴役自然成為理所當然現代工業社會理念。 弗洛依德曾說：人在適應環境的時候，主要有兩種方法，一是改變自己適應，一是改變環境適應自己，現代化理念以後都為取向，雖取得不少成就，但也帶來普遍的「環境難民」。因此，人類只有選擇前者—改變自己適應環境，道家思想正是著重在人性的改造與提昇上，藉由無欲、無私、無為，預知常、知止、知和的倫理進路，促使人與自然保持和諧、共生的關係，此正是大自然永續發展的健康之道。建立此一天下人的共同環境倫理觀，使中國傳統道家思想與西方現代化理念得到一創造性轉化而互嵌入生活世界且再度互放光芒於後現代社會之中，這是本文思考解決當前「自然反攻」的環境危機的努力與目的所在。

The major statement of this research paper is that the present environmental crisis actually originates from the defect of the concept of modernization, such as the notion of mankind’s mastership over nature, instrumental-rationality view of scientific technique, and Epicurism-oriented ethics of consumption, all these are original murderers of ecocide. Though Lao-tze’s and Chuang-tze’s criticism on avaricious and desire-unrestrained social and economic ethics, as well as monomaniac and body-bound little skill and cleverness, the author represents the concept system of the way (Tao0 of Taoist thought, and proves that Taoist Tao transcends not only passivity, retrogression, and godly superstition caused by awe of Great Nature in traditional agricultural society, but also the concept of modern industrial society that human being is the master of nature, so it is a matter of course to conquer and enslave nature. Sigmund Freud said, “In the process of mans adaptation to environment, there are mainly two ways – changing myself to conform to environment, or changing environment to conform to me.” The concept of modernization chose the latter, and got quite a few achievements, but also brought widespread “environmental refugees”. Therefore, the only way for human being to choose is the former – changing myself to conform to environment. Taoist thought exactly emphasizes the reformation and sublimation of human nature, and advocates promotion of maintaining the harmonious and coexistent relation between mankind and nature by no-desire, selflessness, no-dong (noninterference), and the ethical course such as knowing the Eternal Law, knowing stop, and knowing harmony. Harmonious coexistence between mankind and nature is exactly the health way for the everlasting development of Great Nature. Establishing this all people’s common environmental ethics, as well as making both Chinese traditional Taoist thought and western concept of modernization get creative transformation, enter the life world unitedly, and mutually shine splendidly in postmodern society is the effort and purpose of this research paper that studies how to resolve the present environmental crisis of “Great Nature’s counterattak”.