:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:組織的緩衝策略-穩定與改變兩難之間
作者:房孝如
作者(外文):Hsiao-Ju Fang
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:企業管理所
指導教授:艾昌瑞
連雅慧
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2008
主題關鍵詞:緩衝組織學習組織變革個案研究追蹤資料Buffer、Organizational Learning、OrganizationalPanel DataCase Study
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:188
組織面臨釵h兩難;例如:組織既需要競爭又需要合作;需要效率又需要創新;需要穩定又需要改變。應該如何處理這些兩難?是本研究主要欲探討問題;藉由對不同組織理論典範的探討,本研究定義緩衝:為讓兩難中的對立需求得以並存,所必須具備的空間或時間;緩衝不會自然而然產生,其出自於行動者的有意、經過巧思、包含算計,本研究將此稱為緩衝策略;基本上,緩衝策略有「連結型」及「隔離型」的不同,其各自有適用時機與意涵。在既有體制要求不變的壓力下,隔離型緩衝能創造出讓改變萌芽的空間;連結型緩衝則進一步提供組織改變所需的資源及正當性,降低組織因改變而死亡的機率;二者在解決穩定與改變兩難過程中缺一不可。運用台灣房屋仲介業發展的二十四年歷史資料,本研究說明處理穩定與改變的兩難,不是如何在兩對立需求間二選一的問題?而是如何讓兩者能兼容並蓄、漸進調適的問題?為達此目的,房仲業中的S公司,以自身人力資源政策做為隔離機制,只聘用無仲介經驗的大專畢業生,讓當時產業環境的惡習,對內部營運的影響降至最低;接著再以此清新形象,積極與社會各界建立連結關係,力抗同業的圍剿;藉由房仲業中S公司的興起,本研究說明服務業進行改變可能遭遇的困難及可行的解決機制;並以事件發生的時間順序,呈現可以如何運用隔離及連結緩衝?使得S公司自1981年成立,逐步成為當今的領導品牌。最後,以S公司1995至2004年的成交記錄為樣本,運用追蹤資料的統計分析結果,本研究證明緩衝的存在及必要。
Organizations always encounter dilemmas in their operation. Dilemma is the simultaneous situation, exhibiting an apparently contradictory nature, such as between competition and collaboration, efficiency and innovation, or stability and change. “How to hold these dilemmas?” is the specific research question in this study. From the paradigm of organization theory, this article defined “buffer” as the space and time that is necessary for simultaneous existence of two inconsistent states. Buffer would not form naturally, but could be meticulously arranged by actors, so it is some kind of a strategy but not just only a phenomenon. A model of institutional change is outlined in this article, of which two key mechanisms are “isolated-buffer” and “connected-buffer”, the process whereby institutional change successes are conceptualized and linked to the adaption of these two mechanisms. By using S company’s panel data set (from1995 to 2004),this study demonstrated that buffer truly exists and plays an important role for actors to hold above dilemmas. It was also emphasized that managing a dilemma effectively is not to select one side between two inconsistent states but to equilibrate them. Managerial implications of this study are discussed.
參考文獻
司徒達賢,2005,管理學的新世界,天下遠見出版股份有限公司。new window
艾昌瑞、李玉蓮,2002,T公司成員的心智模式分析,商管科技季刊,第三卷,第四期,頁303-318。new window
李元墩、吳濟民,2004,知識管理策略、組織核心能耐與經營績效之關係-以台灣生物科技產業為實證,科技管理學刊,第九卷,第二期,頁103-130。new window
李元墩、林育理、陳佐任,2004,企業研發部門知識學習能力、組織能耐與研發績效關係模式之研究-台灣高科技產業之實證,產業管理學報,第五卷特刊,頁561-591。new window
李揚、郭憲章、楊淨麟,2005,企業國際化與經營績效關係之研究-亞洲金融風暴分析,中山管理評論,第十三卷,第一期,頁49-74。new window
連雅慧,2002,學習型組織構面與組織績效-以台灣一科技公司為例,商管科技季刊,第三卷,第四期,頁337-358。new window
黃仁宇,1990,萬曆十五年,食貨出版社。
楊仁壽、方祥明,2003,動態系統知識的學習:團隊學習與個人學習之比較實驗,管理學報,第二十卷,第三期,頁429-456。new window
譚大纯,2001,知識管理文獻之回顧與前瞻-以知識作業及知識策略為分類基礎,管理評論,第二十卷,第四期,頁93-135。
Adler, P. S. & Kwon, S. 2002. Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1): 17-40.
Aiken, M. & Hage, J. 1968. Organizational interdependence and intraorganizational structure. American Sociological Review, 33: 912-930.
Aldrich, H. E. & Fiol, C. M. 1994. Fools rush in? The institutional context of industry creation. Academy of Management Review, 19(4): 645-670.
Amit, R. & Schoemaker, P. J. H. 1993. Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14(1): 33-46.
Amburgey, T. L., Kelly, D. & Barnett, W. P. 1993. Resetting the clock: The dynamics of organizational failure. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38(1): 51-73.
Ancona, D., Okhuysen, G. & Perlow, L. 2001. Taking time to integrate temporal research. Academy of Management Review, 26: 512-529.
Argote, L. 1999. Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining, and Transferring Knowledge. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
Argyris, C. & Schon, D. 1978. Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Ashforth, B. E. & Fried, Y. 1988. The mindlessness of organizational behaviors. Human Relations, 41: 305-329.
Astley, W. G. & Van de Ven, A. H. 1983. Central perspectives and debates in organization theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(2): 245-273.
Bacharach, Samuel B. 1989.Organizational theories: Some criteria for evaluation.
Academy of Management Review, 14(4): 496-515.
Barnett, W. P. & Carroll, G. R. 1995. Modeling internal organizational change. Annual Review of Sociology, 21: 217-236.
Barney, J. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17: 99-120.
Baron R. M., & Kenny D. A. 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6): 1173-1182
Bartunek, J. M. & Moch, M. K. 1994. Third-order organizational change and the western mystical tradition. Journal of Organizational Change and Management, 7: 24-41.
Beer, M., Eisenstadt, R. A. & Spector, B. 1990. The Critical Path to Corporate Renewal, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Bourgeois, L. J. 1979. Toward a method of middle-range theorizing. Academy of Management Review, 4(3): 443-447.
Bower, J. L. & Hout, T. M. 1988. Fast-cycle capability for competitive power. Harvard Business Review, 66: 110-118.
Brass, D. J., Galaskiewicz, J., Greve, H. R. & Tsai, W. 2004. Taking stock of networks and organizations: A multilevel perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 47(6): 795-817.
Brown, S. L. & Eisenhardt, K. M. 1995. Product development: Past research, present findings and future directions, Academy of Management Review, 20(2): 343-378.
Brown, S. L. & Eisenhardt, K. M. 1997. The art of continuous change: Linking complexity theory and time-paced evolution in relentlessly shifting organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1): 1-34.
Brown, S. L. & Eisenhardt, K. M. 1998. Competing on the edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Burt, R. S. 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Cameron, K. S. 1984. The effectiveness of ineffectiveness. Research in Organizational Behavior, 6: 235-285.
Campbell, D. T. 1965a. Ethnocentric and other altruistic motives. In D. Levine (ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press:283-311.
Campbell, D. T. 1965b. Variation and selective retention in socio-cultural evolution. In Barringer, H. R., Blanksten, G. I. & Mack, R. (ed.), Social Change in Developing areas. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman.: 19-49.
Campbell, D. T. 1975. Degree of freedom and the case study. Comparative Political Studies, 8(2): 178-193.
Campbell, D. T. & Fiske, D. W. 1959. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56: 81-105.
Carroll, G. R. 1984. Dynamics of publisher succession in newspaper organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1): 93-113.
Chiles, T. H. & Mcmackin, J. F. 1996. Integrating variable risk preferences, trust, and transaction cost economics. Academy of Management Review, 21(1): 73-99.
Cockburn, I., Henderson, R. & Stern, S. 2000. Untangling the origins of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 21:1123-1145.
Cohen S. G., & Bailey D. E. 1997. What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of Management, 23(3): 239-290.
Cohen, W. M. & Bacdayan, P. 1994. Organizational routines are stored as procedural memory: Evidence from a laboratory study. Organization Science, 5: 554-568.
Cohen, W. M. & Levinthal, D. A. 1990. Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation., Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 128-152.
Colbert, B. A. 2004. The complex resource-based view: Implications for theory and practice in strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Review, 29(3): 341-358.
Coleman, J. S. 1988. Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(Supplement): S95-S120.
Crossan, M., Cunha, M. P., Vera, D. & Cunha, J. 2005. Time and organizational improvisation. Academy of Management Review, 30(1):129-145.
Crossan, M., Lane, Henry W. & White, Roderick E. 1999. An organizational learning
framework: From intuition to institution. Academy of Management Review, 24(3): 522-537.
Cusumano, Michael A., Yiorgos Mylonadis and Richard S. Rosenbloom, 1992. Strategic Maneuvering and Mass-Market Dynamics: The Triumph of VHS over Beta Business History Review, 66(1), 51-94.
Cyert, R. M. & March, J. G. 1992. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm (2nd ed.). Blackwell, Oxford.
Daft, R. L. & Weick, K. E. 1984. Toward a model of organizations as interpretation systems. Academy of Management Review, 9: 284-295.
Das, T. K. 1993. Time in management and organizational studies. Time and Society, 2: 267-274.
Davis, G. 2005. Firms and environments. In Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg (2eds.), The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Princeton: Princeton University Press: 478-502.
Delacroix, J. & Swaminathan, A. 1991. Cosmetic, speculative, and adaptive organizational change in the wine industry: A longitudinal study. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36(4): 631-661.
Denzin, N. K. 1978. The Research Act, 2d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Dierickx, I. & Cool, K. 1989. Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35(12): 1504-1511.
Diesing, P. 1971. Patterns of Discovery in the Social Sciences. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.
DiMaggio, P. 1995. Comments on “What Theory is Not”. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 391-397.
DiMaggio, P. & Powell, W. 1983. The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48: 147-160.
Dubin, R. 1976. Theory building in applied areas. In Marvin D. Dunnette (ed.). Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally: 17-40.
Dyer, J. H. 1996. Specialized supplier networks as a source of competitive advantage: Evidence from the auto industry. Strategic Management Journal, 17: 271-292.
Dyer, J. H. & Singh, H. 1998. The relational view: Cooperative strategies and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23: 660-679.
Edmondson, A. C., Bohmer, R. M. & Pisano, G. P. 2001. Disrupted routines : Team learning and new technology implementation in hospitals. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46: 685-716.
Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4): 532-550.
Eisenhardt, K. M. & Martin, J. A. 2000. Dynamic Capabilities: What are they? Strategic Management Journal, 21: 1105-1121.
Feldman, M. S. & March, J. 1981. Information in orgnizations as signal and symbol. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26: 171-186 .
Feldman, M. S. & Pentland, B. T. 2003. Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flexibility and change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48(1): 94-118.
Festinger, L. 1957. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
Fiol, C. M. & Lyles, M. A. 1985. Organizational learning. Academy of Management Review, 10(4): 803-813.
Ford, J. D. & Ford, L. W. 1994. Logics of identity, contradiction, and attraction in change. Academy of Management Review, 19(4): 756-785.
Fuentes, C. 1990. Myself with Others. New York: Farrar, Straus & Girous.
Garud, R., Jain, S. & Kumaraswamy, A. 2002. Institutional entrepreneurship in the sponsorship of common technological standards: The case of Sun Microsystems and Java. Academy of Management Journal, 45: 196-214.
Gersick, C. J. G. 1991. Revolutionary change theories: A multilevel exploration of the punctuated equilibrium paradigm. Academy of Management Review, 16(1): 10-36.
Gersick, C. J. G., & Hackman, J. R. 1990. Habitual routines in task-performing teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 47: 65-97.
Gerstner, L. V. 2003. Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance? Taipei: China Times Publishing Company.
Giddens, A. 1984. The Constitution of Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Gladstein D. L. 1984. Groups in context: A model of task group effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29: 499-517.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. 1965. Discovery of substantive theory: A basic strategy underlying qualitative research. American Behavioral Scientist, 8: 5-12.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies of Qualitative Research. London; Wiedenfeld and Nicholson.
Goodman P. S., Ravlin E., & Schminke M., 1987. Understanding groups in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9: 121-173.
Graves, R. 1966. Collected Poems. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Anchor Books: 78.
Greenwood, R., & Hinings, C. R. 1996. Understanding radical organizational change: Bring together the old and the new institutionalism. Academy of Management Review, 21(4): 1022-1054.
Greiner, L. 1972. Evolution and revolution as organizations grow. Harvard Business Review. 50(4): 37-46.
Hackman J. R. 1987. The design of work teams. In J. W. Lorsch (Ed.), Handbook of Organizational Behavior: 315-342. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Hamel, G. & Prahalad, C. K. 1994. Competing for the Future. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Hannan, Michael T. & Freeman J. 1977. The population ecology of organizations. American Journal of Sociology, 82(5): 929-964.
Hannan, Michael T. & Freeman J. 1984. Structural inertia and organizational change. American Sociological Review, 49: 149-164.
Hargrave, T. J. & Van de Ven, A. H. 2006. A collective action model of institutional innovation. Academy of Management Review, 31(4): 864-888.
Hassard, J. 1996. Images of time in work and organization. In Clegg, S. R., Hardy, C. & Nord, W. R.(eds.) , Handbook of Organization Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage: 581-598.
Hatch, M. J. 1997. Organization Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hedberg, B. 1981. How organizations learn and unlearn? In Nystrom, P. C. & Starbuck, W. H. (eds), Handbook of Organizational Design. London: Oxford University Press: 8-27.
Henderson, R. & Cockburn, I. 1994. Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research. Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue 15: 63-84.
Hsiao, C. 2003. Analysis of Panel Data. New York, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hutchins, E. 1991. Organizing work by adaptation. Organization Science, 2: 14-39.
Huy, Q. N. 2001. Time, temporal capability and planned change. Academy of Management Review, 26(4): 601-623.
Imai, K., Ikujiro, N. & Takeuchi, H. 1985. Managing the new product development process: How Japanese companies learn to unlearn. In The Uneasy Alliance: Managing the Producitivity-Technology Dilemma, Hayes, R. H., Clark, K. & Lorens, J. (eds.). Harvard Business School Press: Boston, MA: 337-375.
Jehn, K. A. 1995. A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 256-282.
Jick, T. D. 1979a. Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4): 602-611.
Jick, T. D. 1979b. Process and Impacts of a Merger: Individual and Organizational Perspectives. Doctoral dissertation, New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University.
Kelly, D. & Amburgey, T. L. 1991. Organizational inertia and momentum: A dynamic model of strategic change. Academy of Management Journal, 34(4): 591-612.
Kim, D. H. 1993. The link between individual and organizational learning. Sloan Management Review, 35(1): 37-50.
Kim, L. 1998. Crisis construction and organizational learning. Organization Science, 9(4): 506-521.
Kuhn, T. S. 1962. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lave, C. A. & March, J. G. 1993. An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences(2nd ed). University Press of America, Lanham, MD.
Lavie, D. 2006a. Capability reconfiguration: An analysis of incumbent responses to technological change. Academy of Management Review, 31(1): 153-174.
Lavie, D. 2006b. The competitive advantage of interconnected firms: An extension of the resource-based view. Academy of Management Review, 31(3): 638-658.
Lengnick-Hall, C. A. & Wolff, J. A. 1999. Similarities and contradictions in the core logic of three strategy research streams. Strategic Management Journal, 20(12): 1109-1132. Levinthal, D. A. & March, J. G. 1993. The myopia of learning. Strategic Management Journal, 14: 95-112.
Levitt, B. & March, J. G. 1988. Organizational learning. Annual Review of Sociology, 14: 319-340.
Lewin, K. 1951. Field Theory in Social Science. New York: Harper & Row.
Lounamaa, P. & March, J. G. 1987. Adaptive coordination of a learning team. Management Science, 33: 107-123.
Luthans, F. 1973. Organizational Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Lynall, M. D., Golden, B. R. & Hillman, A. J. 2003. Board composition from adolescence to maturity: A multitheoretic view. Academy of Management Review, 28(3): 416-431.
Manning, Peter K. 1979. Metaphors of the field: Varieties of organizational discourse. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4): 660-671.
Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. 1981. Vicarious learning: The influence of modeling on organizational behavior. Academy of Management Review, 6(1): 105-133.
March, James G. 1981. Decisions in organizations and theories of choice. In Perspectives on Organization Design and Behavior, Van de Van, A. H. & Joyce, W. F. (ed.). New York: Wiley.
March, James G. 1981. Footnotes to Organizational change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(4): 563-577.
March, James G. 1991. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2:71-87.
March, James G. & Shapira, Z. 1987. Managerial perspectives on risk and risk taking. Management Science, 33: 1404-1418.
March, James G. & Simon, H. A. 1958. Organizations. New York: John Wiley.
Mckinley, W., Mone, M. A. & Moon, G. 1999. Determinants and development of schools in organization theory. Academy of Management Review, 24(4): 634-648.
Meyer, J. & Rowan, B. 1977. Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony, American Journal of Sociology, 83(2): 340-363.
Mills, P. K. & Moberg, D. J. 1982. Perspectives on the technology of service operations. Academy of Management Review, 7(3): 467-478.
Miner, A. S., Amburgey, T. L. & Stearns, T. M. 1990. Interorganizational linkages and population dynamics: Buffering and transformational shields. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(4): 689-713.
Morgan, G. 1980. Paradigms, metaphors, and puzzle solving in organization theory.Administrative Science Quarterly, 25(4): 605-622.
Morgan, G. 1981. The schismatic metaphor and its implications for organizational analys-is. Organization Studies, 2(1): 23-44.
Morgan, G. & Smircich, L. 1980. The case for qualitative research. Academy of Management Review, 5(4): 491-500.
Nelson, R. R. & Winter, S. G. 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA: .Belknap Press of Harvard University.
Newell, A. 1990. Unified Theories of Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Ofori-Dankwa, J. & Julian, S. D. 2001. Complexifying organizational theory: Illustrations using time research. Academy of Management Review, 26(3): 415-430.
Orlikowski, W. J. 1996. Improvising organizational transformation over time: A situated change perspective. Information Systems Research, 7: 63-92.
Osigweh, C. A. B.1989. Concept fallibility in organizational science. Academy of Management Review, 14(4): 579-594.
Pentland, B. T. & Feldman, M. S. 2005. Organizational routines as a unit of analysis. Industrial and Corporate Change, 14(5): 793-815.
Pentland, B. T. & Rueter, H. H. 1994. Organizational routines as grammars of action. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 484-510.
Penrose, E. T. 1959. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Wiley: New York.
Perrow, C. 1984. Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. New York: Basic Books.
Peteraf, M. A. 1993. The cornerstones of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3): 179-191.
Pettigrew, A. M., Woodman, R. W. & Cameron, K. S. 2001. Studying organizational change and development: Challenges for future research. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4): 697-713.
Pfeffer, J. 1972a. Size and composition of corporate boards of directors: The organization and its environment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17: 218-228.
Pfeffer, J. 1972b. Merger as a response to organizational interdependence. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17: 382-394.
Pfeffer, J. 1995. Mortality, reproducibility, and the persistence of styles of theory. Organization Science, 6: 681-686.
Pfeffer, J. 1973. Size, composition, and function of hospital boards of directors: A study of organizational-environment linkage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 18: 349-364.
Pfeffer, J. & Leblebici, H. 1973. Executive recruitment and the development of interfirm organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 18: 449-461.
Pfeffer, J. & Salancik, G. R. 1978. The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row.
Pfeffer, J. & Salancik, G. R. 2003. The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. Stanford University Press.
Piderit, S. K. 2000. Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: A multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change. Academy of Management Review, 25(4): 783-794.
Pisano, G. P. 1994. Knowledge, integration, and the locus of learning: An empirical analysis of process development. Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue 15: 85-100.
Porter, M. E. 1985. Competitive Strategy, New York: The Free Press.
Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W. & Smith-Doerr, L. 1996. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1): 116-145.
Reay, T., Golden-Biddle, K. & Germann, K. 2006. Legitimizing a new role: Small wins and microprocesses of change. Academy of Management Journal, 49(5): 977-998.
Rumelt, R. P. 1984. Towards a strategic theory of the firm. In Lamb, R. B. (ed.), Competitive Strategic Management. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 556-570.
Rumelt, R. P. 1991. How much does industry matter? Strategic Management Journal, 12(3): 167-185.
Russell, J. A. 1980. A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39: 1161-1178.
Salancik, G. R. 1979. Interorganizational dependence and responsiveness to affirmative action: The case of women and defense contractors. Academy of Management Journal, 22(2): 375-394.
Sanders, P. 1982. Phenomenology: A new way of viewing organizational research.
Academy of Management Review, 7(3): 353-360.
Saxenian, A. 1994. Regional Advantage. Combridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Saxton, T. 1997. The effects of partner and relationship characteristics on alliance outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 40(3): 443-461.
Schegloff, E. A. 1982. Discourse as an interactional achievement: Some uses of ‘uh-huh’ and other things that come between sentences. In Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1981, Deborah, T.(ed.). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press: 71-93.
Schonberger, R. J. 1990. Building a Chain of Customers. Free Press, New York.
Senge, P. M. 1990. The Fifth Discipline. The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. London: Century Business.
Seo, M. & Creed, W. E. D. 2002. Institutional contradictions, praxis, and institutional change: A dialectical perspective. Academy of Management Review, 27(2): 222-247.
Simon, H. A. 1962. The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 106: 467-482.
Sitkin, S. B. 1992. Learning through failure: The strategy of small losses, In Research in Organizational Behavior, Staw, B. M. & Cummings, L. L.(eds.).Vol. 14: JAI Press: Greenwich, CT: 231-266.
Smith, H. W. 1975. Strategies of Social Research: The Methodological Imagination. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Soda, G., Usai, A. & Zaheer, A. 2004. Network memory: The influence of past and current networks on performance. Academy of Management Journal, 47: 893-906.
Starbuck, W. H. 1993. Watch where you step! or Indiana Starbuck amid the perils of academe. In Arthur G. Bedeian (ed.), Managerial Laureates, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. 3: 63-110.
Stene, E. 1940, An approach to the science of administration. American Political Science Review, 34: 1124-1137.
Stuart, T. E. 2000. Interorganizational alliances and the performance of firms: A study of growth and innovation rates in a high-technology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 21: 719-811.
Sutton, J. 1992. Implementing game theoretical models in industrial economies. In Recent Developments in the Theory of Industrial Organization, Del Monte, A. (ed.).University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI: 19-33.
Sutton, R. I. & Staw, B. M. 1995. What theory is not. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 371-384.
Szulanski, G. 1996. Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17: 27-43.
Teece, David J. & Pisano, G. 1994. The dynamic capabilities of firms: An introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(3): 537-556.
Teece, David J., Pisano, G. & Shuen, A. 1997. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7): 509-533.
Teece, David J., Rumelt, R., Dosi, G. & Winter, S. 1994. Understanding corporate coherence: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 23:1-30.
Thietart, R. A. & Forgues, B. 1995. Chaos theory and organization. Organization Science, 6: 19-31.
Thompson, James D. 1956. On building an administrative science. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1(1): 102-111.
Thompson, James D. 1967. Organizations in Action. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tolbert, P. S. & Zucker, L. G. 1996. The institutionalization of institutional theory. In Clegg, S. R., Hardy, C. & Nord, W. (Eds.), Handbook of institutional studies: 175-190, London: Sage.
Tsoukas, H, & Chia, R. 2002. On organizational becoming: Rethinking organizational change. Organization Science, 13: 567-582.
Tushman, M. L. & Romanelli, E. 1985. Organizational Evolution: A metamorphosis model of convergence and reorientation. Research in Organizational Behavior, 7: 171-222.
Van de Ven, A. H. 1989. Nothing is quite so practical as a good theory. Academy of Management Review, 14(4): 486-489.
Van de Ven, A. H. & Garud, R. 1993. Innovation and industry emergence : The case of cochlear implants. Research on Technological Innovation, Management, and Policy, 5: 1-46.
Van de Ven, A. H. & Poole, M. S. 1995. Explaining development and change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 20(3): 510-540.
Van, M. 1995. Fear and loathing in organization studies. Organization Science, 6: 687-692.
Vermeulen, F. & Barkema, H. 2002. Pace, rhythm, and scope: Process dependence in building a profitable multinational corporation. Strategic Management Journal, 23: 637-653.
Vince, R. & Broussine, M. 1996. Paradox, defense, and attachment: Accessing and working with emotions and relations underlying organizational change. Organization Studies, 17: 1-21.
von Hippel, E. 1988. The Sources of Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Walker, G., Kogut, B. & Shan, W. 1997. Social capital, structural holes and the formation of an industry network. Organization Science, 8(2): 109-125.
Webb, E. J., Campbell, D. T., Schwartz, R. D. & Sechrest, L. 1966. Unobtrusive Measures: Non-reactive research in the social sciences. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Weick, K. E. 1969/1979. The Social Psychology of Organizing. Reading. MA: Addison- Wesley.
Weick, K. E. 1976. Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(1): 1-19.
Weick, K.E. 1984. Small wins: Redefining the scale of social problems. American Psychologist. 39(1): 40-49.
Weick, K. E. 1993. The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The mann gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 628-652.
Weick, K.E. 1995. Sensemaking in Organizations. Sage Publication, Inc.
Weick, K.E. 1996. Drop your tools : An allegory for organizational studies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 301-313.
Weick, K. E. 1998. Improvisation as a mindset for organizational analysis. Organization Science, 9: 543-555.
Weick, K. E. & Quinn, R. E. 1999. Organizational change and development. Annual Review of Psychology, 50: 361-386.
Wernerfelt, B. 1984. A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5: 171-180.
Williamson, Oliver E.1975.Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. New York: Free Press.
Williamson, Oliver E.1985.The Economic Institutions of Capitalism.New York: Free Press.
Yin, R. 1981. The case study crisis: Some answers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26: 58-65.
Yin, R. 1994. Case Study Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Zahra, S. A. & George, G. 2002. Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review, 27(2): 185-203.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
無相關點閱
 
QR Code
QRCODE