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題名：績效、品質與消費者權益保障：論社會服務契約委託的責信課題
書刊名：社會政策與社會工作學刊
作者：劉淑瓊 引用關係
作者(外文)：Liu, Joanne Shu-chiung
出版日期：2005
卷期：9:2
頁次：頁31-93
主題關鍵詞：責信；契約委託；行政法；當事人-代理人理論；非營利網路；Accountability；Contracting-out；Administrative law；Principal-agent theory；Nonprofit network
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(19) 博士論文(4) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:17
  • 共同引用共同引用:122
  • 點閱點閱:107
在新公共管理下「責信」概念重新被帶回到公共服務的管理當中，責信動力以及達成責信的機制，成為核心議題。公共服務引進契約委託的輸送方式等於帶進一個更加複雜的行政結構、更為鬆散的責信機制，因此本文旨在探討社會服務契約委託下為追求績效、品質與消費者權益之現有及應有的責信動力與責信機制。首先在理論層面分析管理主義脈絡下層級、法律、政治、專業等責信構面之意義、內涵、在實務上的運作，以及遭遇的困難與對策；並以臺灣本土的實證資料呈現並評估目前在各責信面向所發展出來的機制及其實效。其次，有鑑於社會服務的特殊性格、社會服務接受者的脆弱性，及其與服務提供者間不對等的權力關係，本文將進一步從「行政法原則」角度，探討在講究績效的管理主義責信下，對服務使用者權益之衝擊，同時也分析在社會服務契約委託架構下，阻礙行政法原則實踐的因素。第三，本文將以「當事人－代理人理論」為軸心，剖析社會服務契約委託制度之本質，及要求管理主義與行政法責信的內在困境與限制。最後，將根據以上的分析與對話，在理論層面探討各責信構面之間的關係；在實務運作層面則分別對中央與地方政府及民間受託的非營利組織提出具體的建議。本文發現臺灣目前社會服務契約委託在管理主義與行政法原則的責信兩方面之表現均不盡如人意，其表相的困境在於缺乏競爭市場，專業責信未盡成熟，公部門管理資源投入不足，尚未發展出有意義的監督與評鑑制度以落實法律責信；更根本的責信危機則是來自於對於契約委託制度的先天缺陷之不察與輕忽，因而建議決策者與契約管理者應務實地體察並在責信機制的設計上有所回應。本文並指出臺灣由於法律與專業責信未臻成熟，因此各受託者多著力於政治責信，藉以自我證明正當性並取得更優越的受託條件，呈現政治責信掩蓋過法律責信與專業責信的奇特現象，此一現實使得政府更難成為一個精明的購買者。就理論層面而言，此一發現豐富了文獻有關責信概念的分析，顯示不同構面的責信彼此之間並非各自獨立表現，而是存在相互替代與交換的關係，政府應致力於建立一個整合的責信系統。最後，本文從政策面與執行面分別提出落實委外責信的建議。
The concept of “accountability” as related to outsourcing of social services has attracted new attention in public administration. Contracting out social services by funding agencies gives rise to a more sophisticated administrative process and a less stringent mechanism in ensuring accountability. This paper analyzes, in the social services outsourcing process, the dynamics and mechanisms of accountability, that do and should exist in assuring performance, quality, and consumer safeguards. The first section explores theoretically four core dimensions of accountability, namely, hierarchical, legal, political, and professional. Secondly, this paper presents empirical data pertaining to the practice and problems as observed in Taiwan. The third section discusses how practice of accountability under the principles of managerialism impacts on the rights and interest of the service recipients. Also discussed are factors preventing enforcement of administrative laws. Several findings are presented: little competition exists in social service delivery industry; what accountability means to professional personnel is generally lacking; government's investment in developing meaningful and effective mechanism to oversee and evaluate accountability is insufficient; decision makers and contract managers need to recognize and respond to the pitfalls and potential accountability crisis existed in the current outsourcing practice. Because legal and professional accountability are quite weak in Taiwan, service delivery contractors focus on political accountability to prove its worthiness and to obtain better treatment. The reality of legal accountability overridden by political accountability severely hampers government agencies' ability to be effective purchasers of quality services. The recognition of current situation in Taiwan has heightened the interest in research and analysis of different dimensions of accountability, which do not exist independently, but interrelate with ech other. The author concludes this paper by presenting recommendations in policy development and implementations.
期刊論文
1.Van Slyke, David M.(2003)。The Mythology of Privatization in Contracting for Social Services。Public Administration Review，63(3)，296-316。  new window
2.Duncan, Christopher M.、Keller, C. Denise、Breaux, David A.、Morris, John C.(2002)。Welfare Reform, Mississippi Style: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and the Search for Accountability。Public Administration Review，62(1)，92-103。  new window
3.Johnston, Jocelyn M.、Romzek, Barbara S.(1999)。Contracting and Accountability in State Medicaid Reform: Rhetoric, Theories, and Reality。Public Administration Review，59(5)，383-399。  new window
4.Behn, R. D.、Kant, P. A.(1999)。Strategies for Avoiding the Pitfalls of Performance Contracting。Public Productivity & Management Review，22(4)，470-490。  new window
5.Savas, E. S.(2002)。Competition and Choice in New York City Social Services。Public Administration Review，62(1)，82-91。  new window
6.雷文玫(20020200)。發包福利國？--政府委託民間辦理福利服務責信架構之研究。兒童福利期刊，2，147-179。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Gilman, M. E.(2001)。Legal Accountability in an Era of Privatized Welfare。California Law Review，89(569)，571-642。  new window
8.Miller, C.(2002)。Towards A Self-Regulatory Form of Accountability in the Voluntary Sector。Policy and Politics，30(4)，551-566。  new window
9.黃源協(20011200)。臺灣社區照顧的實施與衝擊--福利多元主義的觀點。臺大社會工作學刊，5，53+55-101。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.馮燕(20000800)。九二一災後的全民捐募與公益責信。厚生雜誌，11，31-33。  延伸查詢new window
11.蕭文高、黃源協(20041200)。老人機構照顧民營化：英國、瑞典和香港經驗之比較分析。社會政策與社會工作學刊，8(2)，83-124。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Gates S.、Hill, J.(1995)。Democratic Accountability and Governmental Innovation in the Use of Nonprofit Organizations。Policy Studies Review，14(1/2)，137-148。  new window
13.Hansen, J. J.(2003)。Limits of Competition: Accountability in Government Contracting。The Yale Law Journal，112(8)，2465-2507。  new window
14.孫本初(20010900)。公部門課責問題之探究。人事月刊，33(3)=193，10-21。  延伸查詢new window
15.劉淑瓊(19971200)。依賴與對抗--論福利服務契約委託下政府與民間受託單位間的關係。社區發展季刊，80，113-129。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.馮燕(20010600)。從部門互動看非營利組織捐募的自律與他律規範。臺大社會工作學刊，4，203+205-242。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.劉淑瓊(20011200)。社會服務「民營化」再探--迷思與現實。社會政策與社會工作學刊，5(2)，7-56。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Martin, Lawrence L.、Kettner, Peter M.(1993)。Performance, Accountability, and Purchase of Service Contracting。Administration in Social Work，17(1)，61-79。  new window
19.Bardach, Eugene、Lesser, Cara(1996)。Accountability in Human Services Collaboratives--For What? And To Whom?。Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory，6(2)，197-224。  new window
20.Walker, Peter(2002)。Understanding Accountability: Theoretical Models and Their Implications for Social Service Organizations。Social Policy and Administration，36(1)，62-75。  new window
21.Braye, Suzy、Preston-Shoot, Michael(1999)。Accountability, Administrative Law and Social Work Practice: Redressing or Reinforcing the Power Imbalance?。Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law，21(3)，235-256。  new window
22.Preston-Shoot, Michael(2001)。A Triumph of Hope over Experience? Modernizing Accountability: The Case of Complaints Procedures in Community Care。Social Policy and Administration，35(6)，701-715。  new window
23.Olsen, Johan P.(1997)。Civil Service in Transition- Dilemmas and Lessons Learned。European Yearbook of Comparative Government and Public Administration，389-407。  new window
24.Mahtesian, Charles(1994)。Taking Chicago Private。Governing Magazine，26-31。  new window
25.Peat B.、Costley, D. L.(2000)。Privatization of Social Services: Correlates of contract performance。Administration in Social Work，24(1)，21-38。  new window
26.Gilman, M. E.(2002)。”Charitable Choice” and the Accountability Challenge: Reconciling the need for regulation with the First Amendment religion clauses。Vanderbilt Law Review，55(3)，799-888。  new window
27.Tang, A.(1997)。The Changing Role of Government in Community services: Issues of access and equity to administrative review。Australian Journal of Public Administration，56(2)，95-105。  new window
研究報告
1.劉淑瓊(2002)。政府福利服務契約委託執行績效評鑑之研究 (計畫編號：NSC90-2412-H-130-001)。行政院。  延伸查詢new window
2.劉淑瓊(2002)。地方政府社會服務契約委託之決策策略與契約管理之研究 (計畫編號：NSC91-2412-H-002-011)。  延伸查詢new window
3.劉淑瓊(2002)。加拿大聯邦政府衛生行政部門課責機制之設計與運作。台北：台灣健康保險學會。  延伸查詢new window
4.Fox, M.、Johnston, J.、Davis, R.、Lee, R.、Zimmerman, M.(1998)。An Evaluation of the Medicaid Managed Care Program in Kansas。  new window
5.陳小紅(1999)。臺北市社會福利、社教機構「民營化」個案之檢視與評估。臺北市：臺北市政府研究發展考核委員會。  延伸查詢new window
6.劉淑瓊(2002)。台灣地區家庭暴力防治業務取向研究--地方政府推動防治家庭暴力實務運作模式及建構跨專業資源網絡之規劃研究。台北：台灣大學社會工作系。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Christensen, T.、Laegreid, P.(2001)。New public management: The transformation of ideas and practice。Aldershot：Ashgate。  new window
2.GAO(1997)。Social Service Privatization: Expansion Poses Challenges in Ensuring Accountability for Program Results。Washington, D. C.：General Accounting Office。  new window
3.Lavery, K.(1999)。Smart Contracting for Local Government Services: Processes and Experience。Praeger。  new window
4.Austin, David M.(2002)。Human Services Management: Organizational Leadership in Social Work Practice。New York, NY：Columbia University Press。  new window
5.Brinckerhoff, Peter C.(2003)。Mission-based Marketing: Positioning Your Not-for-profit in an Increasingly Competitive World。John Wiley and Sons, Inc.。  new window
6.Lawton, Alan(1998)。Ethical Management for the Public Services。Philadelphia, PA.：Open University Press。  new window
7.行政院研考會(2004)。政府績效評估。臺北：行政院研考會。  延伸查詢new window
8.Salamon, Lester M.(1989)。Beyond Privatization: The Tools of Government Action。Washington, D.C.：Urban Institute Press。  new window
9.Boyne, G. A.、Farrell, C.、Law, J.、Powell, M.、Walker, R. M.(2003)。Evaluating Public Management Reforms。Buckingham：Open University Press。  new window
10.Eggers, W. D.(1997)。Performance-Based Contracting: Designing Stateof-the-art Contract Administration and Monitoring System。Los Angeles, CA：Reason Public Policy Institute。  new window
11.Keams, K. P.(1996)。Managing Accountability。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass Publishers。  new window
12.Longley, D.(1993)。Pubic Law and Health Service Accountability。Buckmigham：Open University Press。  new window
13.Kettner, P. M.、Moroney, R. M.、Martin, L. L.(1990)。Designing and managing programs: An effectiveness-based approach。Sage。  new window
14.Patii, R. J.(2000)。The handbook of social welfare management。Thousand Oaks, California：Sage Publication。  new window
15.丘昌泰(2000)。公共管理--理論與實際手冊。台北市：元照出版社。  延伸查詢new window
16.Kettl, Donald F.(1993)。Sharing Power: Public Governance and Private Markets。Washington, DC：The Brookings Institution。  new window
17.Glennerster, Howard(1992)。Paying for Welfare: the 1990s。Harvester Wheatsheaf。  new window
18.Handler, Joel F.(1996)。Down from Bureaucracy: The Ambiguity of Privatization and Empowerment。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
19.Health Canada(20020620)。Health Canada Audit Policy。Ottawa, Dntario：Health Canada。  new window
20.Howard, Lawrence C.、Mckinney, Jerome B.(1998)。Public Administration: Balancing Power and Accountability。Westport, Connecticut：Praeger。  new window
21.GAO(1999)。Social Service Privatization: Ethics and accountability challenges in state contracting。Washington, D. C.：General Accounting Office。  new window
22.GAO(2002)。Welfare Reform: Federal oversight of state and local contracting can be strengthened。Washington, D. C.：General Accounting Office。  new window
23.Martin, L. L.(1999)。Contracting for Service Delivery: Local government choices。Washington DC：International City/County Management Association。  new window
圖書論文
1.Flynn, Rob(1999)。Managerialism, professionalism and quasi-markets。Professional and the New Managerialism in the Public Sector。Buckingham：Open University Press。  new window
2.郭昱瑩、劉淑瓊(2002)。全民健保課責機制建立之研究。行政院二代健保規畫小組第二階段相關技術報告。台北：行政院二代健保規畫小組。  延伸查詢new window
3.Duncan, G.(1996)。New Mandarins New Zealand Style。The Human Costs of Managerialism。Leichhart NSW：Pluto Press。  new window
4.Freem, J.(1999)。Private Parties, Public Functions and New Administrative Law。Recrafting the Rule of Law: The Limits of the Legal Order。Oxford：Hart Publishing。  new window
5.Gregory, R.(1995)。Accountability, Responsibility and Corruption: Managing the Public Production Process。The State Under Contract。Wellington;：Bridget William Press。  new window
6.Romzek, B. S.(1998)。Where the Buck Stops: Accountability in Reformed Public Organizations。Transforming Government: The Realities of Managing Change in Public Organizations。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
7.劉淑瓊(1998)。社會福利機構契約委託：為何？和誰？--台灣社會福利民營化之政治分析。民營化政策在台灣：社會學的觀點。臺北：中央研究院社會學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
8.Milward, H. Brinton(1996)。The Changing Character of the Public Sector。Handbook of Public Administration。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass。  new window
9.Martin, John(1995)。Contracting and Accountability。The State Under Contract。Wellington, New Zealand：Bridge William Press。  new window
10.Lightfoot, Jane(1996)。Accountability in Public Services: Incorporating the Professional Domain。Welfare and Policy: Research Agendas and Issues。London：Taylor and Francis Ltd, Press。  new window
11.劉淑瓊、鍾國彪、郭昱瑩(2004)。民眾需要的醫療品質資訊。行政院二代健保規劃小組第二階段規劃報告暨相關技術報告：九十一年一至十二月。臺北市：行政院第二代健保規劃小組。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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