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題名：國小學童在班級人際友誼網絡之初探分析
書刊名：屏東教育大學學報. 教育類
作者：李偉斌
作者(外文)：Li, Wei-pin
出版日期：2012
卷期：38
頁次：頁387-415
主題關鍵詞：同儕關係；社會網絡分析；國小學童；Elementary school student；Peer relationship；Social network analysis
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:2
  • 點閱點閱:143
同儕互動與團體經驗對兒童在未來人際發展會具有一定的影響力 (Gifford-Smith & Brownell, 2003)，而同儕關係與兒童團體中的派系 (Cliques) 在國小階段的兒童中期階段 (9-11歲或中高年級) 就逐漸開始形成 (Bagwell et al., 2000)。本研究旨在探討國小班級人際友誼網絡的情形，包括班級中的網絡關係與結構、派系、中介角色……等，其次探討兒童的「學業成就」、「外貌」、「性別」與其在人際中受歡迎程度的關係。最後，探討在國小「包班制」的環境中，級任教師與兒童的人際友誼網絡的關聯。 本研究採用問卷調查法，資料樣本採自某國小二至六年級中156位兒童與5位教師，資料採用Pajek與SPSS 12.0軟體，分析方式採用社會網絡分析（Social Network Analysis）、相關分析、t考驗…等。研究結果顯示在班級友誼網絡中，隨著年級的增加，班級中的派系數與小團體也隨之增加，且班級中性別區隔的情形會益加明顯；學童的外貌與學業成就與其受歡迎程度有正向關係，且國小學童偏愛與同性別的同學為伍；教師較喜愛的學生具有外貌佳、學業成就高的特性，但教師較喜愛的兒童，未必會是在同學之間被喜愛的人物。研究結果大致上支持研究假設，最後，針對研究結果的理論意涵、帶來的啟發與研究方向進行討論，並提出研究限制與具體建議。
Peer interactions and group experiences exert a profound influence on the future of children (Gifford-Smith & Brownell, 2003). The peer relation and the cliques formed among the groups of children begin in the middle period (9-11years old) (Crockett, Losoff, & Petersen, 1984). This research had the following purposes. First, it intended to explore the interactions of elementary students' interpersonal social network. Next, it examined the relationships between the teacher and the children's social network. Generally speaking, this study not only discussed the network structure, cliques, and the mediating role in each class, but also explored the peer relationships among children on the basis of “academic index,” “social index,” and “appearance index.” The framework of this research is Social Network Analysis (SNA). Questionnaire results had been collected from five teachers and 156 students from five classes to probe into several psychological effects of peer relations in the class, including “the attraction law,” “halo effect,” “Birds of a feather flock together,” “unlike charges attract.” Moreover, it examined the following relations: “appearance vs. social network,” “academic performance vs. social network,” and “gender vs. social network.” Finally, it intended to find out if there is a significant difference between the teacher and common students in respect of their preferred student. After the collected data had been cross analyzed by Pajek and SPSS, this study had the following finding: children's popularity is closely related to their appearance, academic performance and gender. Elementary students tend to make friends with students in the same gender. On the other hand, the teachers have the preference for the students who are good-looking and have great academic performance, but these students may not be popular in the peer. This result generally supported the research hypothesis. Finally, on the basis of the findings, the theoretical implications, topics for future research, and the limitations of this study have been discussed.
期刊論文
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2.Fabes, R. A.、Martin, C. L.、Hanish, L. D.(2003)。Young children's play qualities in same-, other-, and mixed-sex peer groups。Child Development，74(3)，921-932。  new window
3.Ryan, A. M.(2001)。The peer group as a context for the development of young adolescent motivation and achievement。Child Development，72(4)，1135-1150。  new window
4.Crockett, L.、Losoff, M.、Petersen, A. C.(1984)。Perceptions of the peer group and friendship in early adolescence。Journal of Early Adolescence，4(2)，155-181。  new window
5.Gifford-Smith, M.、Brownell, C. A.(2003)。Childhood Peer Relationships: Social Acceptance, Friendships, and Peer Networks。Journal of School Psychology，41(4)，235-284。  new window
6.Dodge, K. A.、Asher, S. R.(1986)。Identifying children who are rejected by their peers。Developmental Psychology，22，444-449。  new window
7.Parker, J.G.、Asher, S.R.(1987)。Peer relations and later personal adjustment: Are low-acceptd children at risk?。Psychological Bulletin，102(3)，357-389。  new window
8.Newcomb, A. F.、Bagwell, C. L.(1995)。Children's friendship relations: A meta-analytic review。Psychological Bulletin，117，306-347。  new window
9.Feingold, A.(1992)。Good-Looking People Are not What We Think。Psychological Bulletin，111(2)，304-341。  new window
10.Eagly, A. H.、Ashmore, R. D.、Makhijani, M. G.、Longo, L. C.(1991)。What is beautiful is good, but A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype。Psychological Bulletin，110(1)，109-128。  new window
11.楊婷雅、王珮玲(2009)。受歡迎與被拒絕幼兒自我知覺和同儕知覺之比較研究。台北市立教育大學學報，40(1)，55-86。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.楊羅觀翠(1994)。華人社會的社區網絡。社聯季刊，129，3-6。  延伸查詢new window
13.Coie, J.、Dodge, K.、Terry, R.、Wright, V.(1991)。The role of aggression in peer relations: An analysis of aggression episodes in boys’ play groups。Child Development，62，812-826。  new window
14.Davidson, A. J.、Gest, S. D.、Welsh, J. A.(2010)。Relatedness with teachers and peers during early adolescence: An integrated variable-oriented and person-oriented approach。Journal of School Psychology，48(6)，483-510。  new window
15.Estell, D. B.、Farmer, T. W.、Cairns, R. B.、Cairns, B. D.(2002)。Social relations and academic achievement in inner-city early elementary classrooms。International Journal of Behavioral Development，26(6)，518-528。  new window
16.Fabes, R. A.、Martin, C. L.、Hanish, L. D.(2004)。Considering Gender as a context for understanding young children’s peer relationships。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，50(3)，260-273。  new window
17.Gest, S. D.(2006)。Teacher reports of children's friendships and social groups: Agreement with peer reports and implications for studying peer similarity。Social Development，15，248-259。  new window
18.Gest, S. D.、Graham-Bermann, S. A.、Hartup, W. W.(2001)。Peer experience: Common and unique features of number of friendships, social network centrality, and sociometric status。Social Development，10，23-40。  new window
19.Kwon, K.、Lease, A. M.(2007)。Clique Membership and Social Adjustment in Children’s Same-Gender Cliques. The Contribution of the Type of Clique to Children’s Self-Reported Adjustment。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，53，216-242。  new window
20.Lease, A. M.、Kennedy, C. A.、Axelrod, J. L.(2002)。Children’s social constructions of popularity。Social Development，11，87-109。  new window
21.Coie, J.、Dodge, K.(1988)。Multiple sources of data on social behavior and social status in school: A cross-age comparison。Child Development，59，815-829。  new window
22.Coie, J.、Dodge, K.(1983)。Continuities and changes in children’s social status: A five year longitudinal study。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，29，261-282。  new window
23.Zajac, R. J.、Hartup, W. W.(1997)。Friends as coworkers: Research review and classroom implications。Elementary School Journal，98，3-13。  new window
24.Azmitia, M.、Montgomery, R.(1993)。Friendship, transactive dialogues, and the development of scientific reasoning。Social Development，2，202-221。  new window
25.Bearman, P. S.、James, M.、Katherine, S.(2004)。Chains of Affection: The Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks。American Journal of Sociology，110，33-91。  new window
26.Benson, P. L.、Karabenick, S. A.、Lerner, R. M.(1976)。Pretty pleases: The effects of physical attractiveness, race, and sex on receiving help。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，12，409-415。  new window
27.Cairns, R. B.、Leung, M.-C.、Gest, S. D.、Cairns, B. D.(1995)。A brief method for assessing social development: Structure, reliability, stability, and developmental validity of the Interpersonal Competence Scale。Behavioral Research and Therapy，33，725-736。  new window
28.Clifford, M. M.(1975)。Physical attractiveness and academic performance。Child Study Journal，5，201-209。  new window
29.Ollendick, T. H.、Weist, M. D.、Borden, M. C.、Greene, R. W.(1992)。Sociometric status and academic, behavioral, and psychological adjustment: A five-year longitudinal study。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，60(1)，80-87。  new window
30.Padersen, S.、Vitaro, F.、Barker, E. D.、Borge, A.(2007)。The timing of middle-childhood peer rejection and friendship: linking early behavior to early-adolescent adjustment。Child Development，78，1037-1051。  new window
會議論文
1.Newcomb, A. F.、Bukowski, W. M.、Bagwell, C. L.(1999)。Knowing the sounds: Friendship as a developmental context。Mahwah, NJ。63-84。  new window
圖書
1.de Nooy, Wouter、Mrvar, Andrej、Batagelj, Vladimir(2005)。Exploratory social network analysis with Pajek。Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Selman, R. L.(1980)。The Growth of Interpersonal Understanding。New York, NY：Academic Press。  new window
3.Youniss, J.(1980)。Parents and Peers in Social Development。Chicago, IL：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
4.Noller, Patricia、Feeney, Judith A.(1996)。Adult Attachment。Sage Publications。  new window
5.Sullivan, Harry Stack、韋子木、張榮皋(2000)。精神病學的人際理論。台北：昭明。  延伸查詢new window
6.Bowlby, J.(1973)。Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and Anger。London：Hogarth Press。  new window
7.Bowlby, John(1969)。Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment。New York：Basic Books。  new window
8.劉秀娟(1999)。兩性教育。新北市：揚智文化事業股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
9.Freeman, Linton C.(2004)。The Development of Social Network Analysis: A Study in the Sociology of Science。Empirical Press。  new window
10.洪蘭、Harris, J.R.(2000)。教養上的迷思--父母的教養能不能決定孩子的人格發展？。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
11.Ladd, G. W(2005)。Children’s Peer Relations and Social Competence: A Century of Progress。New Haven, CT。  new window
12.Pellegrini, A.、Blatchford, P.(2000)。The child at school: Interactions with peers and teachers。London, UK。  new window
13.Whittaker, J. K.、Garbarino, J.(1983)。Social support networks: Informal helping in the human services。New York。  new window
14.Rubin, K.、Bukowski, W.、Parker, J.(1998)。Peer interactions, relationships, and groups。Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development。New York。  new window
15.Cairns, R.、Xie, H.、Leung, M.(1998)。The popularity of friendship and the neglect of social networks: Toward a new balance。Sociometry then and now: Building on six decades of measuring children’s experiences with the peer group: No. 80. New directions for child development。San Francisco。  new window
16.Hartup, W.(1983)。Peer relations。Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development。New York。  new window
17.Kindermann, T.(1998)。Children’s development within peer groups: Using composite social maps to identify peer networks and to study their influences。Sociometry then and now: Building on six decades of measuring children’s experiences with the peer group: No. 80. New directions for child development。San Francisco。  new window
18.Maassen, G. H.、van der Linden, J. L.、Goossens, F. A.、Bokhorst, J.(2000)。A ratings-based approach to twodimensional sociometric status determination。Recent advances in the measurement of acceptance and rejection in the peer system: No. 88. New directions for child and adolescent development。San Francisco。  new window
19.Magnussen, D.、Statin, H.(1998)。Person-context interaction theories。Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development。New York。  new window
20.Marsden, P. V.(2005)。Recent development in network measurement。Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis。New York, NY。  new window
圖書論文
1.Thorne, B.(1986)。Girls and boys together…but mostly apart: Gender arrangements in elementary schools。Relationships and development。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。  new window
 
 
 
 
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