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題名:台灣兒童的貧窮輪廓-趨勢的測量與因素的分析
作者:李秀如
作者(外文):Shou-lu Lee
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:社會福利所
指導教授:王德睦
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2009
主題關鍵詞:家戶結構市場所得貧窮兒童趨勢變遷SSTTaiwanSocial welfareChildpoverty
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本論文主要是進行台灣兒童貧窮長期趨勢變遷的測量、以及分析貧窮趨勢變遷的影響因素,嘗試描繪出台灣兒童的貧窮輪廓。
為了解台灣兒童貧窮的長期趨勢變遷,本論文利用行政院主計處1979-2005年的「家庭收支調查」資料,以Osberg與Wu(2000)的SST貧窮強度指標,來測量台灣兒童在時間面上的貧窮趨勢變遷,包括兒童貧窮率、貧窮深度及不均度的趨勢變遷。
而對於所測量出來的兒童貧窮的長期趨勢變遷,本論文參考貧窮文獻所提出的三大影響因素-市場所得、家戶結構、以及稅與來自政府移轉等因素的變遷,分別應用Das Gupta(1993)率的標準化及分解的方法、以迴歸為基礎的Shapley value decomposition的方法,進一步來檢測這些因素的變遷,對台灣兒童貧窮趨勢變遷的影響力。
本論文的實證結果發現:在研究期間內,對於1988-1993年間,兒童貧窮率及貧窮深度是呈現上升的趨勢、而貧窮不均度卻是呈現下降的趨勢下,以市場所得因素的變遷,為最主要的影響因素。至於在1993-2005年間,兒童貧窮率及貧窮深度是呈現下降的趨勢、但是,貧窮不均度卻是呈現上升的趨勢下,以稅與來自政府移轉因素的變遷,為主要的影響因素。
Most existing studies use child poverty rates to gauge the severity of child poverty problems. In contrast to these studies, this paper modifies the elaborated SST (Sen-Shorrocks-Thon) index of poverty intensity by Osberg & Xu (2000) to depict the multi-dimensions of child poverty in Taiwan and their long-term trends. Using the data of Income and Expenditure Survey, this paper computes the values of the SST index and its three constituents, child poverty rates, average poverty gap ratios among the poor children, and the Gini index values of poverty gap ratios among all children, in Taiwan from 1979 to 2005.
The SST index reached its highest levels and indicated the worst levels of child poverty in late 1980s and early 1990s among the entire studied period. The SST fluctuations are driven by variations of poverty rates and mostly by changes of average poverty gap ratios. Strikingly the Gini index portrays a totally different picture. The Gini index hit its lowest levels and revealed the lowest inequality in the distribution of poverty gap ratios among children in late 1980s and early 1990s.
Employing Das Gupta’s (1993) decomposition of rates and a regression-based Shapley value decomposition, this study reveals that the child poverty trends are mainly driven by market income during 1988-1993 and primarily steered by tax and public transfer over the 1993-2005 period.
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