This paper aims at examining, conceptually and empirically, the concepts of '(political) party-owned enterprise' and 'bureaucrat-merchant capital' prevailingly used in analyzing the intervention and engagement of the KMT-state in economic activities. The concept of 'partly-owned enterprise' on the one hand blure the distinction between the stateowned and the party-owned and, on the other, omits the co-prosperity of KMT and private capital. This dismisses its analytical power regarding the fact that the state-owned enterprises have been stepwise privatized while the party-owned enterprises' increasingly expands sine the late 1980s. The concept of 'bureaucrat-merchant capital' also confuses the distinction between the 'party-owned' and the 'party bureaucrat-owned' and hence it is incapable of tackling the concrete object it indicates. The author comgines the respective merits of the emphasis of 'party-owned enterprise' on property ownership, share-holding structure and market mechanism, with the stress of 'bureaucrat-merchant capital' on capital as a social relation and a social power, as well as the co-prosperity of the Party and private capital, instead suggests the concept of '(political) party-owned capital' or 'party capital' as conceptual instrument for analyzing the engagement and intervention of the KMT-state in economic activities, and proposes 'the historical formation of party capital' as an approach for further research.