This investigation intented to analyze the error types of Chinese characters recognition and to compare the differences of error types between the third graders and the sixth graders from the two-year longitudinal data. Subjects in this study were 169 third graders and 178 sixth graders who were divided into three different groups according to the performance on the standardized test of Chinese Language. The research found that the error type of graphic confusion was the highest rate among the third graders and the sixth graders for two years. It is worth mentioning that the percentage on the error type of “miscellanies” was higher than the percentage on the error type of sound confusion for the group of lower achievers. However, the situation was not found in the other two groups.