本文主要探討我國憲政史上不同憲法法典當中府院關係理念的演變，這些憲法法典包括了〈五五憲草〉、〈憲法〉本文、〈動員戡亂時期臨時條款〉以及〈增修條文〉。本文以憲法文本分析為主，事實資料補充為輔，期能描繪出當中府院關係的異同。文中先介紹與府院關係相關的概念：二元領導、雙首長制與半總統制，在釐清這三個相關聯但不同的概念後，再用以作制度分析。 在〈五五憲草〉中，總統同時擁有國家元首與行政首長的身分，但是同時也設置行政院長而不使總統負責一般日常政務，行政院長則由總統任免並對總統負責；〈憲法〉本文係依據修正式內閣制精神，令總統行使職權須有行政院長配合，而行政院長則為最高行政首長；〈臨時條款〉中，國家最高行政權力係向總統集中。現行〈增修條文〉則標舉半總統制，但總統直選後民主正當性大增與有權單獨任命行政院長，使總統在府院關係中仍保持優勢。但不論如何，我國不同時期憲法法典中的府院關係，皆具有二元領導的流動性與不對稱性特徵。

This paper is concerned about the President-premier relationship of some crucial constitution codes in R.O.C’s constitutional history . Those codes are the 1936 May 5 Constitution Draft, the main text of R.O.C. constitution, the Provisional Clauses and the Amendments of the R.O.C’s constitution . From a standpoint of analyzing these codes and some political facts , this paper portraits the comparison among those codes. Related concepts like “dual leadership”, “dual executive” and “semi-presidentialism” are also adopted to explain the President-premier relationship. The relationships of President-premier changes with time. In the 1936 May 5 Constitution Draft, the premier is appointed and dismissed by the president , and he takes charge of the routine executive affairs. In the main text of R.O.C. constitution, according to the spirit of refined parliamentary system, the premier is the highest executive chief of the state, and if the president wants to use his power from the constitution , he/she needs the support of the premier. In the Provisional Clauses, the president not only affords the power of setting new agencies but also acquires the right to run for consecutive presidencies if he wants. In the Amendments of the R.O.C’s constitution which is based on the semi-presidentialism, the president possesses higher democratic legitimacy by popularly voting and have the full power to appoint the premier by himself. To sum up , the president holds relative advantage of the dual leaders.