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題名：亞洲第一個半總統制--斯里蘭卡憲政體制的變遷與挑戰
書刊名：臺灣民主季刊
作者：陳宏銘 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chen, Hongming
出版日期：2020
卷期：17:1
頁次：頁83-120
主題關鍵詞：半總統制；斯里蘭卡；行政總統；總統議會制；總理總統制；Semi-presidentialism；Sri Lanka；Executive presidency；President-parliamentary；Premier-presidentialism
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:149
  • 點閱點閱:4
斯里蘭卡是亞洲最先採行半總統制的國家，同時也是歐洲以外第一個實施半總統制的國家，但迄今中文學術文獻中似未見相關專門著作，因此本文嘗試以憲政選擇和變遷之理論探討其經驗。斯里蘭卡的個案具有重要的理論意義，其憲政體制的變遷，經歷了由第一共和內閣制轉型為第二共和半總統制的跨體制完全轉型，以及維持在半總統制下，從總統議會制演化成為總理總統制之次類型局部轉型。比較半總統制各國經驗，罕見與其相似之模式。研究發現，外部體制的示範作用與優勢政治行動者的偏好，是促成制度選擇與變遷的主要因素。研究結果並顯示，雖然該國存在著廢除「行政總統」和弱化總統權力的主張，且新一波憲政改革於2016年啟動，但目前還未看到憲改共識的形成。由於之前才經歷總統和總理衝突的憲政危機，新任總統甫於2019年年底就職，使得斯里蘭卡半總統制的發展前景充滿變數和挑戰。
Sri Lanka was the first country in Asia to adopt a semi-presidential system, and it was also the first country outside Europe to implement a semi-presidential system. So far, there seems to be no work on this topic in Chinese academic literature. This article attempts to explore the case of Sri Lanka with the theory of constitutional choice and change. The case of Sri Lanka has important theoretical significance. Its constitutional system has undergone a transformation from the cabinet system of the first republic to the semi-presidential system of the second republic.It has undergone a fully transformation from the First Republican's parliamentarism to the Second Republican's semi-presidentialism, and under the semi-presidential system, from the president-parliamentary system to the premier-presidential system, that is the transformation between sub-types. Comparing the experience of semi-presidentialism, we rarely see similar development models. The study found that the exemplary role of foreign institutional model and the preferences of dominant political actors are the main factors contributing to institutional change. The results of the study show that although there are claims to abolish the ＂executive president＂ and weaken the power of the president, and a new wave of constitutional reform was launched in 2016, however, there is no consensus on the constitutional reform. Due to the recent constitutional crisis between the president and the prime minister, and the new president taking office at the end of 2019, the prospects for the development of the country's semi-presidentialism are full of variables and challenges.
期刊論文
1.沈有忠(20131200)。保加利亞「議會化半總統制憲法」的設計與運作。政治科學論叢，58，17-45。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Shugart, Matthew Søberg(2005)。Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns。French Politics，3(3)，323-351。  new window
3.陳宏銘(20070900)。東南亞的總統制：菲律賓與印尼憲政體制的形成與演化比較。中華人文社會學報，7，10-37。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.陳宏銘、梁元棟(20071200)。半總統制的形成和演化--臺灣、法國、波蘭與芬蘭的比較研究。臺灣民主季刊，4(4)，27-69。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.林繼文(20011200)。創設、選擇與演化--制度形成的三個理論模式。政治學報，32，61-94。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Siaroff, Alan(2003)。Comparative Presidencies: The Inadequacy of the Presidential, Semi-Presidential and Parliamentary Distinction。European Journal of Political Research，42(3)，287-312。  new window
7.Hellwig, Timothy、Samuels, David J.(2008)。Electoral Accountability and the Variety of Democratic Regimes。British Journal of Political Science，38(1)，65-90。  new window
8.吳玉山(20160900)。半總統制與策略性修憲。政治科學論叢，69，1-26。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Sedelius, Thomas、Linde, Jonas(2018)。Unravelling Semi-presidentialism: Democracy and Government Performance in Four Distinct Regime Types。Democratization，25(1)，136-157。  new window
10.Crawford, Beverly、Lijphart, Arend(1995)。Explaining Political and Economic Change in Post-Communist Eastern Europe。Comparative Political Studies，28(2)，171-199。  new window
11.Duverger, Maurice(1980)。A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government。European Journal of Political Research，8(2)，165-187。  new window
12.Easter, Gerald M.(1997)。Preference for presidentialism: Postcommunist regime change in Russia and the NIS。World Politics，49(2)，184-211。  new window
13.蔡榮祥(20181200)。總統國會制權力行使、支持基礎與民主運作。東吳政治學報，36(3)，59-129。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.Kopstein, Jeffrey S.、Reilly, David A.(2000)。Geographic Diffusion and the Transformation of the Postcommunist World。World Politics，53(1)，1-37。  new window
15.Venugopal, Rajesh(2015)。Democracy, Development and the Executive Presidency in Sri Lanka。Third World Quarterly，36(4)，670-690。  new window
16.蘇子喬(20111200)。哪一種半總統制？--概念界定爭議的釐清。東吳政治學報，29(4)，1-72。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Matsuzato, Kimitaka(2005)。Semipresidentialism in Ukraine: Institutionalist Centrism in Rampant Clan Politics。Demokratizatsiya，13(1)，45-58。  new window
圖書
1.Lijphart, Arend(1992)。Parliamentary versus Presidential Government。Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Shugart, Matthew Søberg、Carey, John M.(1992)。Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics。Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.吳玉山(20000000)。俄羅斯轉型1992-1999：一個政治經濟學的分析。臺北：五南。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.劉藝(2014)。斯里蘭卡--印度洋上的明珠。香港：香港城市大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Wilson, Jeyaratnam(1980)。The Gaullist System in Asia: The Constitution of Sri Lanka 1978。London：MacMillan。  new window
6.Elgie, Robert(2011)。Semi-Presidentialism: Sub-types and Democratic Performance。Oxford University Press。  new window
其他
1.(20181031)。斯里蘭卡現「兩個總理」危機中印「龍象之爭」憂慮再起，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-46040456。  延伸查詢new window
2.張沛元(20180420)。土耳其總統擴權，大選提前一年半。  延伸查詢new window
3.(20200302)。Sri Lankan Parliament Dissolved; Elections Set for April，https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/sri-lankan-parliament-dissolved-elections-set-april-200302193858515.html。  new window
4.(20170923)。Hopes and Fears: on Sri Lanka's Constitutional Reform，http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/hopes-and-fears/article19737702.ece。  new window
5.Election Commission(2020)。Previous Election Results，https://elections.gov.lk/Elections_E.html。  new window
6.Elgie, Robert(2019)。The Semi-Presidential One，http://www.semipresidentialism.com/?p=220。  new window
7.Elgie, Robert(2008)。Why Is Sri Lanka Sometimes Not Classed as Semi-presidential?，http://www.semipresidentialism.com/?p=951。  new window
8.Jayatilleka, Dayan(20170428)。The Executive Presidency: Who Wants It Abolished and Why?，https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/the-executive-presidency-who-wants-it-abolished-why/。  new window
9.Perera, Jehan(20180423)。Abolition of Executive Presidency Has Become Viable，https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/abolition-of-executive-presidency-has-become-viable/。  new window
10.Sri Lanka Brief(20180418)。Rajapaksa Backs End to Executive Presidency，https://srilankabrief.org/2018/04/sri-lanka-rajapaksa-backs-end-to-executive-presidency/。  new window
11.(20170921)。New Constitution: Interim Report of The Steering Committee，https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/new-constitution-interim-report-of-the-steering-committee-full-texts-in-three-languages/。  new window
12.Uyangoda, Jayadeva(20180327)。Reform Resistance in Sri Lankan Politics，https://groundviews.org/2018/03/27/reform-resistance-in-sri-lankan-politics/。  new window
13.Welikala, Asanga(2018)。The Perils of Semi-presidentialism? The Collapse of Cohabitation and the Design of Executive Power in Sri Lanka，https://blog-iacl-aidc.org/blog/2018/5/13/the-perils-of-semi-presidentialism-the-collapse-of-cohabitotion-and-the-design-of-executive-power-in-sri-lanka。  new window
14.Welikala, Asanga(20150120)。The Executive Presidency and the Sri Lankan State: Myths and Realities，http://groundviews.org/2015/01/20/the-executive-presidency-and-the-sri-lankan-state-myths-and-realities/。  new window
圖書論文
1.Bunce, Valerie(1997)。Presidents and the Transition in Eastern Europe。Presidential Institutions and Democratic Politics: Comparing Regional and National Contexts。The Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
2.Wu, Yu-shan(2007)。Semi-presidentialism--Easy to Choice, Difficult to Operate. The Case of Taiwan。Semi-presidentialism Ouside Europe。London：Routledge。  new window
3.吳玉山(2012)。半總統制：全球發展與研究議程。權力在哪裡？從多個角度看半總統制。五南出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.Powell, G. Bingham Jr.(1992)。Contemporary Democracies: Participation, Stability, and Violence。Parliamentary Versus Presidential Government。Oxford University Press。  new window
5.Linz, Juan J.(1994)。Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Difference?。The Failure of Presidential Democracy: Comparative Perspectives。Baltimore, Maryland：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
6.Geddes, Barbara(1996)。Institution of New Democratic Institutions in Eastern Europe and Latin American。Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin American。Boulder：Westview press。  new window
7.Thelen, Kathleen、Steinmo, Steven(1992)。Historical in Comparative Politics。Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Eckstein, Harry(1975)。Case Study and Theory in Political Science。Handbook of Political Science, Vol. 7, Strategies of Inquiry。Readings, Mass：Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.。  new window
9.張峻豪(2017)。法國優勢行政權的成因與影響之研究。半總統制下的權力三角--總統、國會、內閣。臺北市：五南。  延伸查詢new window
10.Abeyratne, Rehan(2015)。Centralising Authority: Comparing Executive Power in India and Sri Lanka。Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects。  new window
11.Coomaraswamy, Radhika(2015)。Bonapartism and the Anglo-American. Constitutional Tradition in Sri Lanka: Reassessing the 1978 Constitution。Constitutional Reforms in Sri Lanka。  new window
12.Anketell, Niran(2015)。The Executive Presidency and Immunity from Suit: Article 35 as Outlier。Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects。  new window
13.Edrisinha, Rohan(2015)。Constitutionalism and Sri Lanka's Gaullist Presidential System。Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects。  new window
14.Galyan, Artak(2016)。The Nineteenth Amendment in Comparative Context: Classifying the New Regime-type。Constitutional Reforms in Sri Lanka。  new window
15.Hameed, Reeza(2015)。Parliament in a Presidential System。Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects。  new window
16.Petr, Kopeck(2001)。The Czech Republic: From the Burden of the Old Federal Constitutional Horse Trading among Political Parties。Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
17.Miwa, Hiroki(2013)。Strong President and Vulnerable Political System in Sri Lanka。Presidents, Assemblies and Policy-making in Asia。Basingstoke：Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
18.Verney, Douglas V.(1992)。Parliamentary Government and Presidential Government。Parliamentary versus Presidential Government。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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