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題名:述而不譯?--艾儒略《天主降生言行紀畧》的跨語言敘事初探
書刊名:中國文哲研究集刊
作者:潘鳳娟 引用關係
作者(外文):Pan, Feng-chuan
出版日期:2009
卷期:34
頁次:頁111-167
主題關鍵詞:艾儒略天主降生言行紀畧基督生平耶穌傳聖經翻譯Giulio AleniLife of ChristLudolphus de SaxoniaVita ChristiTianzhu jiangsheng yanxing jilüe
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(12) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(3)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:11
  • 共同引用共同引用:82
  • 點閱點閱:127
晚明耶穌會士艾儒略的《天主降生言行紀畧》1635可謂中文首見耶穌傳,鐘鳴旦考證此書爲中古歐洲隱士Ludolphus所著《基督生平》(Vita Christi, 474)簡本的翻譯,此爲考據此書歐文底本首見之研究貢獻。值得探究的是,儘管艾儒略強調此書不是《聖經》的翻譯,其作者署名與此書前言卻直指此書是《聖經》四部福音書的「譯述」之作。再者書中艾儒略隻字未提Ludolphus,若鐘文考據屬實,《紀畧》如何使用《基督生平》一書,則需進一步釐清。因此,本人重新檢視《紀畧》、《聖經》四部福音書和《基督生平》三者,並進行文本比較分析以釐清三者的關係之後,再從跨語言敘事角度解析艾儒略所謂之「譯述」,觀察他如何在中文處境傳述天主降生的故事。經比較三者內容顯示,《紀畧》的章節應該是刪增重組《基督生平》的章節作爲其基本架構,而其內容則應是「譯述」了《基督生平》中所引用的《聖經》經文以及部分非屬《聖經》的記載,加入了個人詮釋之後,以「西史」而非「聖經經典」的面貌,在中文語境中重新建構天主降生的故事。本文以兩個拋物線運動圖示,重建並對比《基督生平》和《紀畧》二書中兩個「降生-升天」敘事結構之間的異同之後,發現前書敘事的拋物線運動之超驗性起點(太初有道)在後書的拋物線運動中已經遭到刪除;而前書敘事以返回天堂爲終點,在後書則以落實人間之「宗徒敷教萬方」作結。基督降生的故事在艾儒略手下從歐文轉換爲中文,其降生事蹟的歷史性與在地性被強化,而其經典性與超驗性則被淡化。雖然「未敢言譯」,艾儒略之「譯述」實際上是採取「以譯爲述」的敘事策略,在中文處境重述來自歐洲中世紀的基督降生故事。
This paper studies the first Chinese publication on the Jesus story, Tianzhu jiangsheng yanxing jilüe (A Brief Record of the Words and Deeds of the Incarnation, henceforth: Jilüe), published by Giulio Aleni (1582-1649) in 1635. In the preface of Jilüe, Aleni clearly states that the book is a "translation and narration" (Yi-Shu 譯述) of the content of the Four Gospels in the Bible rather than a translation of the Bible itself. Around a decade ago, a milestone in the study of Jilüe was N. Standaert's discovery that Jilüe was a translation of the abridged edition of Ludolphus de Saxonia's Vita Christi (1474). After re-reading in detail Jilüe and the Bible, however, the present author finds that almost all the 165 stories of Jesus' life recorded in Jilüe have their roots in the biblical texts. This article first clarifies the complicated connection among the three books by re-examining the texts of Aleni's Jilüe, the Bible, and Ludolphus' Vita Christi. Secondly, it studies the narrative strategy of transforming and transmitting the Latin Incarnation narrative to Chinese readers and audiences by comparing the narrative structures of both Ludolphus' and Aleni's work with the help of biblical narrative study methodology. This paper concludes that Aleni did not translate the whole abridged version of Vita Christi; rather, he treated it as simply the biblical foundation of his own text. Aleni selected and made use of the biblical quotations in Vita Christi to reconstruct his Jesus story in Jilüe. With personal interpretation, the story of the Incarnation was then presented not as a "biblical canon" but as a "Western history." Two diagrams of parabolic movements representing the narrative structures of the two books are formulated in this paper to demonstrate how the other-worldly oriented narrative in Vita Christi was revised in Jilüe as a this-worldly one. In a sixstep symbolic process where the unspeakable and untranslatable transcendence is transmitted to the readers and the audiences of a foreign country, Aleni's Jilüe was actually a retelling of the Incarnation in the new context of the late Ming.
期刊論文
1.李奭學(20070300)。中譯第一首「英」詩--艾儒略《聖夢歌》初探。中國文哲研究集刊,30,87-142。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Bernard, Henri(1945)。LES ADAPTATIONS CHINOISES D'OUVRAGES EUROPEENS: BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHRONOLOGIQUE DEPUIS LA VENUE DES PORTUGAIS À CANTON JUSQU'À LA MISSION FRANÇAISE DE PÉKIN 1514-1688。Monumenta Serica,10,1-57+309-388。  new window
3.Hundersmarck, Lawrence F.(2003)。The Use of Imagination, Emotion, and the Will in a Medieval Classic: The Meditaciones Vite Christi。Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture,6(2),46-62。  new window
4.Lombaert, Herman(1989)。La catéchétique et la formation des catéchistes。Lumen Vitae,44(4),413-426。  new window
5.Shore, Paul J.(199801)。The Vita Christi of Ludolph of Saxony and Its Influence on the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola。Studies in the Spirituality of the Jesuits,30,1-32。  new window
6.Lombaert, Herman(1980)。Religious Symbolization in a Youth Mass。Lumen Vitae,35(3),291-318。  new window
7.王寧(2005)。翻譯的文化建構和文化研究的翻譯學轉向。中國翻譯,26(6),5-9。  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.Godzieba, Anthony(2004)。From 'Vita Christi' to 'Marginal Jew': The Life of Jesus as Criterion of Reform in Pre-critical and Post-critical Quests。The Leuven symposium of Dogmatic Theology: Sourcing the Quests,(會議日期: 30 April 2004)。  new window
2.李豐楙(2002)。神化與謫凡:元代度脫劇的主題及其時代意義。中央研究院第三屆國際漢學會議。臺北:中央研究院中國文哲研究所。237-272。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.Chen, Hui-hung(2004)。Encounters in Peoples, Religions, and Sciences: Jesuit Visual Culture in Seventeenth Century China(博士論文)。Brown University。  new window
2.Pan, Feng-chuan(1998)。Theological or Doxological Trinity? The Triune God in the Theology of Catherine M. LaCugna (1952-1997)(碩士論文)。Katholieke Universiteit Leuven。  new window
3.黃正謙(2009)。十六、十七世紀在華耶穌會士之政治策略及其所傳播之宗教文化(博士論文)。香港大學,香港。  延伸查詢new window
4.Bodenstedt, Mary Immaculate(1944)。The Vita Christi of Ludolphus the Carthusian(博士論文)。Catholic University of America。  new window
5.Conway, Charles Abbot Jr.(1975)。The 'Vita Christi' of Ludolph of Saxony and Late Medieval Devotion Centered on the Incarnation: A Discriptive Analysis(博士論文)。University of Toronto。  new window
圖書
1.Brown, Raymond E.(1993)。The Birth of the Messiah: A Commentary on the Infancy Narratives in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke。New York:Doubleday。  new window
2.艾儒略(1978)。天主降生言行紀畧。  延伸查詢new window
3.艾儒略(2005)。天主降生言行紀畧。臺北:臺北利氏學社。  延伸查詢new window
4.艾儒略(2005)。天主降生言行紀畧。合肥:黃山書社。  延伸查詢new window
5.艾儒略(2002)。天主降生言行紀像。臺北:臺北利氏學社。  延伸查詢new window
6.艾儒略(2005)。天主降生引義。合肥:黃山書社。  延伸查詢new window
7.依納爵、侯景文(1979)。神操。臺中:光啟出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.Albert Chan, S. J.(2002)。Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome: A Descriptive Catalogue。M. E. Sharpe。  new window
9.Brispot, M.(1853)。l'abbé. La vie de N.S. Jésus-Christ écrite par les quatre Évangélistes, coordonnée, expliquée et développée par les Saints Pères, les Docteurs et des orateurs les plus célèbres... illustré de 130 gravures sur acier tirées sur papier de Chine provenan。Paris:Abel Pilon。  new window
10.Brown, Raymond(1994)。The Death of the Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave: A Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels。New York:Doubleday。  new window
11.Greenslade, S. L.(1963)。The West from the Reformation to the Present Day. Vol. 3 of The Cambridge History of the Bible。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
12.Lampe, G. W.(1969)。The West from the Fathers to the Reformation. Vol. 2 of The Cambridge History of the Bible。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
13.Le Chartreux, Ludolphe、Broquin, Florent(2004)。La grande vie de Jésus-Christ: Nouvelle traduction intégrale avec préface et notes。Paris。  new window
14.Le Chartreux, Ludolphe(1509)。Vita Jhesu, venerabili viro fratre Ludolpho carthusiensi edita。Parisiis。  new window
15.Le Chartreux, Ludolphe(1860)。Vie de N. S. Jésus-Christ, traduite nouvellement sur le texte latin. 2e edition précédée d'une introduction par M. l'abbé Mermillod。Paris:B. Duprat。  new window
16.Le Chartreux, Ludolphe、Hurtrel, G.(1870)。Vie de Jésus-Christ composée au XVe siècle d'après Ludolphe le Chartreux。Paris:G. Hurtrel。  new window
17.Martin, Ralph P.(1975)。New Testament Foundations: A Guide for Chrstian Students。Grand Rapids:Eerdmans。  new window
18.Mission Catholique des Lazaristes à Pékin(1949)。Catalogue de la bibliothèque du Pé-T'ang。Pékin:Imprimerie des Lazaristes。  new window
19.Mission Catholique des Lazaristes à Pékin(1969)。Catalogue de la bibliothèque du Pé-T'ang。Paris:Les Belles Lettres。  new window
20.Snell-Hornby, Mary(2001)。Handbook of Christianity in China。Leidon:Boston:Brill。  new window
21.von Sachsen, Ludolf、Bodenstedt, Mary Immaculate(1973)。Praying the Life of Christ. First English Translation of the Prayers Concluding the 181 Chapters of the Vita Christi of Ludolphus the Carthusian: The Quintessence of His Devout Meditations on the Life of Christ。Paris:Les Belles Lettres。  new window
22.梁工(2006)。聖經敘事藝術研究。北京:商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
23.Augustin, M. P.(1864)。La grande vie de Jésus-Christ: Traduction nouvelle et complète。Paris:C. Dillet。  new window
24.Bertuccioli, Giuliano、Dermarchi, Franco(1998)。Martino Martini S. J.: Opera omnia。Trento:Università degli Studi di Trento。  new window
25.Collins, Raymond(1983)。Introduction to the New Testament。Garden City:Doubleday。  new window
26.Crossan, John Dominic(1991)。The Historical Jesus: The Life of a Mediterranean Jewish Peasant。HarperSanFrancisco。  new window
27.Douglas, James Dixon、Bruce, F. F.、Packer, J. I.(1982)。New Bible Dictionary。Leicester:Inter-Varsity。  new window
28.LaCugna, Catherine Mowry(1991)。God for Us: The Trinity and Christian Life。Harper。  new window
29.Lamizet, Bernard(1992)。Les lieux de la communication。Liège:Mardaga。  new window
30.Le Chartreux, Ludolphe(1300)。Vie de N. S. Jésus-Christ, par Ludolphe le Chartreux (1300-1350)。Paris:B. Duprat。  new window
31.Malek, Roman(2002)。The Chinese Face of Jesus Christ。Sankt Augustin:Monumenta Serica Institute。  new window
32.Meier, John(1991)。A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus。New York:Doubleday。  new window
33.Noël, François、M. Pluquet, l'Abbé(1784)。Les livres classiques de l'empire de la Chine recueillis par le père Noël。Paris:chez De Bure, Barrois aîné & Barrois jeune。  new window
34.Noss, Philip A.(2007)。A History of Bible Translation。Rome:Edizioni de storia e letteratura。  new window
35.Pächt, Otto(1962)。The Rise of Pictorial Narrative in Twelfth-Century England。Oxford:Clarendon。  new window
36.Schweitzer, Albert、Montgomery, W.(1910)。The Quest of the Histioncal Jesus: A Critical Study of Its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede。London:Adam and Charles Black。  new window
37.Snell-Homby, Mary(2006)。The Turns of Translation Studies: New Paradigms or Shifting Viewpoints?。Amsterdam:Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing。  new window
38.潘鳳娟(2002)。西來孔子艾儒略:更新變化的宗教會遇:本地化?文化交流?宗教對話?。臺北:基督教橄欖基金會。  延伸查詢new window
39.Ricci, Matteo(1965)。天主實義。臺北:臺灣學生書局。  延伸查詢new window
40.Bassnett, Susan、Lefevere, André(1998)。Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation。Multilingual Matters Ltd.。  new window
41.Eber, Irene、Wan, Sze-Kar、Walf, Knut(1999)。Bible in Modern China: The Literary and Intellectual Impact。Institut Monumenta Serica。  new window
42.艾儒略、盧盤石、李九標。口鐸日抄。  延伸查詢new window
43.輔仁神學著作編譯會(1996)。神學辭典。臺北:光啟出版社。  延伸查詢new window
44.Mungello, David E.(1989)。Curious Land: Jesuit Accommodation and the Origins of Sinology。Honolulu, Hawaii:University of Hawaii Press。  new window
45.Venuti, Lawrence(1995)。The translator's invisibility: A history of translation。New York:Routledge。  new window
46.李奭學(20050000)。中國晚明與歐洲文學:明末耶穌會古典型證道故事考詮。臺北:聯經。new window  延伸查詢new window
47.方豪(1969)。方豪六十自定稿。臺北:臺灣學生書局。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.艾儒略(1798)。天主降生言行紀畧(A FT051R,光碟代號:CD609)。  延伸查詢new window
2.艾儒略(1853)。天主降生言行紀略(光碟代號:CD609)。  延伸查詢new window
3.啟示憲章(1965年9月8日),http://www.catholic.org.tw/catholic/vantican-6.php, 2007/06/08。  new window
4.Basson, Andre F.(19970717)。Review of Texts of the Passion: Latin Devotional Literature and Medieval Society, by Thomas H. Bestbul,http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1997/97.07.17.html。  new window
圖書論文
1.李豐楙(2004)。出身與修行--明末清初「小說之教」的非常性格。明清文學與思想中之主體意識與社會.文學篇。臺北:中央研究院中國文哲研究所。  延伸查詢new window
2.利瑪竇(1958)。譯幾何原本引。明清間耶穌會士譯著提要。臺中:臺灣中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
3.利類思(1958)。超性學要自序。明清間耶穌會士譯著提要。臺中:臺灣中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
4.(2005)。序聽迷詩所經。東傳福音。合肥:黃山書社。  延伸查詢new window
5.鐘鳴旦、蔡錦圖(2003)。《聖經》在十七世紀的中國。聖經與近代中國。香港:漢語聖經協會。  延伸查詢new window
6.Dulles, Avery(1995)。Historical Method and Reality of Christ。The Craft of Theology: From Symbol to System。New York:Crossroad。  new window
7.Li, Jiubiao(2007)。Kouduo richao: Li Jiubiao's Diary of Oral Admonitions: A Late Ming Christian Journal。Sankt Augustin: Institut Monumenta。Serica:Fondazione Civilta Brescianà。  new window
8.Menegon, Eugenio(2006)。Deliver Us from Evil: Confession and Salvation in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Chinese Catholicism。Forgive Us Our Sins: Confession in Late Ming and Early Qing China。Sankt Augustin:Institut Monumenta Serica。  new window
9.Mermillod, Card Gaspard(1860)。Introduction。Ludolphe le Chartreux。Paris:Benjamin Duprat。  new window
10.Mungello, David E.(1988)。The Seventeenth-Century Jesuit Translation Project of the Confucian Four Books。East Meets West: The Jesuits in China。Chicago:Loyola University Press。  new window
11.Sun, Yuming(2002)。Cultural Translatability and the Presentation of Christ as Portrayed in Visual Images from Ricci to Aleni。The Chinese Face of Jesus Christ。Sankt Augustin:Institut Monumenta Serica and China-Zentrum。  new window
12.Bassnett, Susan、Lefevere, Andr(1992)。General Editors' Preface。Translation/ History/ Culture: A Sourcebook。New York:Routledge。  new window
13.Standaert, Nicolas(1999)。The Bible in Early Seventeenth- century China。The Bible in Modern China: the Literary and Intellectual Impact。Sankt Augustin:Monumenta Serica Institute。  new window
 
 
 
 
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