A democratic constitutional government is based upon local self-government because local self-government is considered the cornerstone of a country as well as an indicator to test whether a country is really modernized. The Republic of China, an area of freedom, has carried out local self-government for decades and resulted in great success. Yet, Taiwan's local government system has just started; a gap still exists between the actual situation and the spirit of the Constitution that it is hard to identify central and local autonomous items and commissioned matters. Those relevant legislative powers, personnel rights, and financial rights as the division of revenue and expenditure, city and county police chief appointment, the burden of national health insurance costs and other issues have become controversial. This paper aims to combine the normative principles of the jurisdictional demarcation between centralization and decentralization by Constitution, bring up the concept and practice of decentralization from European countries and other developed countries, investigate into the problems with decentralization, seek for concrete and feasible solutions, and consolidate the democratic reforms for the purpose of providing Taiwan's 23 million people with a free stable democratic environment.